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Race, Neighborhood Economic Status, Income Inequality and Mortality

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  • Nicolle A Mode
  • Michele K Evans
  • Alan B Zonderman

Abstract

Mortality rates in the United States vary based on race, individual economic status and neighborhood. Correlations among these variables in most urban areas have limited what conclusions can be drawn from existing research. Our study employs a unique factorial design of race, sex, age and individual poverty status, measuring time to death as an objective measure of health, and including both neighborhood economic status and income inequality for a sample of middle-aged urban-dwelling adults (N = 3675). At enrollment, African American and White participants lived in 46 unique census tracts in Baltimore, Maryland, which varied in neighborhood economic status and degree of income inequality. A Cox regression model for 9-year mortality identified a three-way interaction among sex, race and individual poverty status (p = 0.03), with African American men living below poverty having the highest mortality. Neighborhood economic status, whether measured by a composite index or simply median household income, was negatively associated with overall mortality (p

Suggested Citation

  • Nicolle A Mode & Michele K Evans & Alan B Zonderman, 2016. "Race, Neighborhood Economic Status, Income Inequality and Mortality," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(5), pages 1-14, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0154535
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154535
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    1. Rebeca de Jesús Crespo & Madison Harrison & Rachel Rogers & Randy Vaeth, 2021. "Mosquito Vector Production across Socio-Economic Divides in Baton Rouge, Louisiana," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-11, February.
    2. Katherine L. Forthman & Janna M. Colaizzi & Hung-wen Yeh & Rayus Kuplicki & Martin P. Paulus, 2021. "Latent Variables Quantifying Neighborhood Characteristics and Their Associations with Poor Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-19, January.
    3. Nelda Mier & Marcia G. Ory & Samuel D. Towne & Matthew Lee Smith, 2017. "Relative Association of Multi-Level Supportive Environments on Poor Health among Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-16, April.
    4. Masayoshi Oka, 2022. "Census-Tract-Level Median Household Income and Median Family Income Estimates: A Unidimensional Measure of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-23, December.

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