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Psychosocial and Environmental Correlates of Walking, Cycling, Public Transport and Passive Transport to Various Destinations in Flemish Older Adolescents

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  • Hannah Verhoeven
  • Dorien Simons
  • Delfien Van Dyck
  • Jelle Van Cauwenberg
  • Peter Clarys
  • Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
  • Bas de Geus
  • Corneel Vandelanotte
  • Benedicte Deforche

Abstract

Background: Active transport is a convenient way to incorporate physical activity in adolescents’ daily life. The present study aimed to investigate which psychosocial and environmental factors are associated with walking, cycling, public transport (train, tram, bus, metro) and passive transport (car, motorcycle, moped) over short distances (maximum eight kilometres) among older adolescents (17–18 years), to school and to other destinations. Methods: 562 older adolescents completed an online questionnaire assessing socio-demographic variables, psychosocial variables, environmental variables and transport to school/other destinations. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were performed. Results: More social modelling and a higher residential density were positively associated with walking to school and walking to other destinations, respectively. Regarding cycling, higher self-efficacy and a higher social norm were positively associated with cycling to school and to other destinations. Regarding public transport, a higher social norm, more social modelling of siblings and/or friends, more social support and a higher land use mix access were positively related to public transport to school and to other destinations, whereas a greater distance to school only related positively to public transport to school. Regarding passive transport, more social support and more perceived benefits were positively associated with passive transport to school and to other destinations. Perceiving less walking and cycling facilities at school was positively related to passive transport to school only, and more social modelling was positively related to passive transport to other destinations. Conclusions: Overall, psychosocial variables seemed to be more important than environmental variables across the four transport modes. Social norm, social modelling and social support were the most consistent psychosocial factors which indicates that it is important to target both older adolescents and their social environment in interventions promoting active transport. Walking or cycling together with siblings or friends has the potential to increase social norm, social modelling and social support towards active transport.

Suggested Citation

  • Hannah Verhoeven & Dorien Simons & Delfien Van Dyck & Jelle Van Cauwenberg & Peter Clarys & Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij & Bas de Geus & Corneel Vandelanotte & Benedicte Deforche, 2016. "Psychosocial and Environmental Correlates of Walking, Cycling, Public Transport and Passive Transport to Various Destinations in Flemish Older Adolescents," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0147128
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147128
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Pucher, J. & Buehler, R. & Bassett, D.R. & Dannenberg, A.L., 2010. "Walking and cycling to health: A comparative analysis of city, state, and international data," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(10), pages 1986-1992.
    4. Emond, Catherine R. & Handy, Susan L., 2012. "Factors associated with bicycling to high school: insights from Davis, CA," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 71-79.
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    1. Hannah Verhoeven & Dorien Simons & Jelle Van Cauwenberg & Delfien Van Dyck & Corneel Vandelanotte & Bas de Geus & Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij & Peter Clarys & Benedicte Deforche, 2016. "Promoting Active Transport in Older Adolescents Before They Obtain Their Driving Licence: A Matched Control Intervention Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, December.

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