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The Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Antibodies in Immigrants and Refugees from Intermediate and High Endemic Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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  • Christina Greenaway
  • Ann Thu Ma
  • Lorie A Kloda
  • Marina Klein
  • Sonya Cnossen
  • Guido Schwarzer
  • Ian Shrier

Abstract

Background & Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant global health issue that leads to 350,000 preventable deaths annually due to associated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immigrants and refugees (migrants) originating from intermediate/high HCV endemic countries are likely at increased risk for HCV infection due to HCV exposure in their countries of origin. The aim of this study was to estimate the HCV seroprevalence of the migrant population living in low HCV prevalence countries. Methods: Four electronic databases were searched from database inception until June 17, 2014 for studies reporting the prevalence of HCV antibodies among migrants. Seroprevalence estimates were pooled with a random-effect model and were stratified by age group, region of origin and migration status and a meta-regression was modeled to explore heterogeneity. Results: Data from 50 studies representing 38,635 migrants from all world regions were included. The overall anti-HCV prevalence (representing previous and current infections) was 1.9% (95% CI, 1.4–2.7%, I2 96.1). Older age and region of origin, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe were the strongest predictors of HCV seroprevalence. The estimated HCV seroprevalence of migrants from these regions was >2% and is higher than that reported for most host populations. Conclusion: Adult migrants originating from Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe are at increased risk for HCV and may benefit from targeted HCV screening.

Suggested Citation

  • Christina Greenaway & Ann Thu Ma & Lorie A Kloda & Marina Klein & Sonya Cnossen & Guido Schwarzer & Ian Shrier, 2015. "The Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Antibodies in Immigrants and Refugees from Intermediate and High Endemic Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(11), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0141715
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141715
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alessandro Liberati & Douglas G Altman & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Cynthia Mulrow & Peter C Gøtzsche & John P A Ioannidis & Mike Clarke & P J Devereaux & Jos Kleijnen & David Moher, 2009. "The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-28, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Afona Chernet & Andreas Neumayr & Christoph Hatz & Kerstin Kling & Véronique Sydow & Katharina Rentsch & Jürg Utzinger & Nicole Probst-Hensch & Hanspeter Marti & Beatrice Nickel & Niklaus D. Labhardt, 2018. "Spectrum of infectious diseases among newly arrived Eritrean refugees in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 63(2), pages 233-239, March.
    2. Christina Greenaway & Iuliia Makarenko & Claire Nour Abou Chakra & Balqis Alabdulkarim & Robin Christensen & Adam Palayew & Anh Tran & Lukas Staub & Manish Pareek & Joerg J. Meerpohl & Teymur Noori & , 2018. "The Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Hepatitis C Screening for Migrants in the EU/EEA: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-24, September.

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