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Monitoring HIV Drug Resistance Early Warning Indicators in Cameroon: A Study Following the Revised World Health Organization Recommendations

Author

Listed:
  • Joseph Fokam
  • Jean-Bosco N Elat
  • Serge C Billong
  • Etienne Kembou
  • Armand S Nkwescheu
  • Nicolas M Obam
  • André Essiane
  • Judith N Torimiro
  • Gatien K Ekanmian
  • Alexis Ndjolo
  • Koulla S Shiro
  • Anne C Z-K Bissek

Abstract

Background: The majority (>95%) of new HIV infection occurs in resource-limited settings, and Cameroon is still experiencing a generalized epidemic with ~122,638 patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). A detrimental outcome in scaling-up ART is the emergence HIV drug resistance (HIVDR), suggesting the need for pragmatic approaches in sustaining a successful ART performance. Methods: A survey was conducted in 15 ART sites of the Centre and Littoral regions of Cameroon in 2013 (10 urban versus 05 rural settings; 8 at tertiary/secondary versus 7 at primary healthcare levels), evaluating HIVDR-early warning indicators (EWIs) as-per the 2012 revised World Health Organization’s guidelines: EWI1 (on-time pill pick-up), EWI2 (retention in care), EWI3 (no pharmacy stock-outs), EWI4 (dispensing practices), EWI5 (virological suppression). Poor performance was interpreted as potential HIVDR. Results: Only 33.3% (4/12) of sites reached the desirable performance for “on-time pill pick-up” (57.1% urban versus 0% rural; p

Suggested Citation

  • Joseph Fokam & Jean-Bosco N Elat & Serge C Billong & Etienne Kembou & Armand S Nkwescheu & Nicolas M Obam & André Essiane & Judith N Torimiro & Gatien K Ekanmian & Alexis Ndjolo & Koulla S Shiro & Ann, 2015. "Monitoring HIV Drug Resistance Early Warning Indicators in Cameroon: A Study Following the Revised World Health Organization Recommendations," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0129210
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129210
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    Cited by:

    1. Julius Y Fonsah & Alfred K Njamnshi & Charles Kouanfack & Fang Qiu & Dora M Njamnshi & Claude T Tagny & Emilienne Nchindap & Léopoldine Kenmogne & Dora Mbanya & Robert Heaton & Georgette D Kanmogne, 2017. "Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Yaoundé-Cameroon: Association with Opportunistic Infections, Depression, ART Regimen and Side Effects," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(1), pages 1-19, January.

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