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Maternal Socioeconomic Status and the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring: A Meta-Analysis of 33 Studies

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  • Di Yu
  • Yu Feng
  • Lei Yang
  • Min Da
  • Changfeng Fan
  • Song Wang
  • Xuming Mo

Abstract

Background: We conducted this meta-analysis to address the open question of a possible association between maternal socioeconomic status and congenital heart defects (CHDs). Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from their inception to January 1, 2014 for case-control and cohort studies that assessed the association between maternal socioeconomic status and the risk of CHDs. Study-specific relative risk estimates were polled according to random-effect or fixed-effect models. Results: From 3343 references, a total of 31 case-control studies and 2 cohort studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including more than 50,000 cases. We observed that maternal educational attainment, family income and maternal occupation were negatively associated with an 11% (pooled RR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.21), 5% (pooled RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09) and 51% (pooled RR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.24) increased risk of CHDs, respectively. In a subgroup analysis by geographic region, the results were inconsistent for the European region (RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.99–1.69) and USA/Canada region (RR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.16) in maternal educational attainment. Conclusion: In summary, this meta-analysis suggests that a lower degree of maternal socioeconomic status is modestly associated with an increased risk of CHDs. However, further investigations are needed to confirm the association.

Suggested Citation

  • Di Yu & Yu Feng & Lei Yang & Min Da & Changfeng Fan & Song Wang & Xuming Mo, 2014. "Maternal Socioeconomic Status and the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring: A Meta-Analysis of 33 Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(10), pages 1-9, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0111056
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111056
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kavanagh, Anne & Bentley, Rebecca J. & Turrell, Gavin & Shaw, Jonathan & Dunstan, David & Subramanian, S.V., 2010. "Socioeconomic position, gender, health behaviours and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and diabetes," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(6), pages 1150-1160, September.
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    1. Séverine Deguen & Wahida Kihal & Maxime Jeanjean & Cindy Padilla & Denis Zmirou-Navier, 2016. "Neighborhood Deprivation and Risk of Congenital Heart Defects, Neural Tube Defects and Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(10), pages 1-25, October.

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