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Effects of Exercise Modalities on Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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  • Ammar W Ashor
  • Jose Lara
  • Mario Siervo
  • Carlos Celis-Morales
  • John C Mathers

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Physical activity is associated with lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. However, the effects of different exercise modalities on arterial stiffness are currently unclear. Our objectives were to investigate the effects of exercise modalities (aerobic, resistance or combined) on pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx), and to determine whether the effects on these indices differed according to the participants' or exercise characteristics. Methods: We searched the Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from inception until April 2014 for randomized controlled trials lasting ≥4 weeks investigating the effects of exercise modalities on PWV and AIx in adults aged ≥18 years. Results: Forty-two studies (1627 participants) were included in this analysis. Aerobic exercise improved both PWV (WMD: −0.63 m/s, 95% CI: −0.90, −0.35) and AIx (WMD:−2.63%, 95% CI: −5.25 to −0.02) significantly. Aerobic exercise training showed significantly greater reduction in brachial-ankle (WMD: −1.01 m/s, 95% CI: −1.57, −0.44) than in carotid-femoral (WMD: -0.39 m/s, 95% CI: −0.52, −0.27) PWV. Higher aerobic exercise intensity was associated with larger reductions in AIx (β: −1.55%, CI −3.09, 0.0001). In addition, aerobic exercise had a significantly larger effect in reducing PWV (WMD:−1.0 m/s, 95% CI: −1.43, −0.57) in participants with stiffer arteries (PWV ≥8 m/s). Resistance exercise had no effect on PWV and AIx. There was no significant effect of combined exercise on PWV and AIx. Conclusions: We conclude that aerobic exercise improved arterial stiffness significantly and that the effect was enhanced with higher aerobic exercise intensity and in participants with greater arterial stiffness at baseline. Trial Registration PROSPERO: Database registration: CRD42014009744,.

Suggested Citation

  • Ammar W Ashor & Jose Lara & Mario Siervo & Carlos Celis-Morales & John C Mathers, 2014. "Effects of Exercise Modalities on Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(10), pages 1-15, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0110034
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110034
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    Cited by:

    1. Vanessa Santos & Luís Miguel Massuça & Vitor Angarten & Xavier Melo & Rita Pinto & Bo Fernhall & Helena Santa-Clara, 2022. "Arterial Stiffness Response to Acute Combined Training with Different Volumes in Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-10, November.
    2. Vanessa Santos & Luís Miguel Massuça & Vitor Angarten & Xavier Melo & Rita Pinto & Bo Fernhall & Helena Santa-Clara, 2022. "Arterial Stiffness following Endurance and Resistance Exercise Sessions in Older Patients with Coronary Artery Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-12, November.
    3. Rodney P. Joseph & Michael Todd & Barbara E. Ainsworth & Sonia Vega-López & Marc A. Adams & Kevin Hollingshead & Steven P. Hooker & Glenn A. Gaesser & Colleen Keller, 2023. "Smart Walk : A Culturally Tailored Smartphone-Delivered Physical Activity Intervention for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction among African American Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-25, January.
    4. Magdalena Dąbrowska-Galas & Agnieszka Drosdzol-Cop, 2022. "The Relationship between Postmenopausal Women’s Self-Esteem and Physical Activity Level—A Survey Study from Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-10, August.
    5. Hsiao-Han Chao & Yi-Hung Liao & Chun-Chung Chou, 2021. "Influences of Recreational Tennis-Playing Exercise Time on Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Healthy Elderly: The ExAMIN AGE Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-13, January.
    6. Geovani Araújo Dantas Macêdo & Yuri Alberto Freire & Rodrigo Alberto Vieira Browne & Marcyo Câmara & Ludmila Lucena Pereira Cabral & Daniel Schwade & Ronildo Paulo-Pereira & Raíssa de Melo Silva & Ala, 2022. "Pre-Frailty Phenotype and Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults Free of Cardiovascular Diseases," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-13, October.
    7. Yahui Zhang & Lin Qi & Lisheng Xu & Xingguo Sun & Wenyan Liu & Shuran Zhou & Frans van de Vosse & Stephen E Greenwald, 2018. "Effects of exercise modalities on central hemodynamics, arterial stiffness and cardiac function in cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(7), pages 1-28, July.

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