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Low-Educated Women with Chronic Pain Were Less Often Selected to Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Programs

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  • Anne Hammarström
  • Inger Haukenes
  • Anncristine Fjellman Wiklund
  • Arja Lehti
  • Maria Wiklund
  • Birgitta Evengård
  • Britt-Marie Stålnacke

Abstract

Background: There is a lack of research about a potential education-related bias in assessment of patients with chronic pain. The aim of this study was to analyze whether low-educated men and women with chronic pain were less often selected to multidisciplinary rehabilitation than those with high education. Methods: The population consisted of consecutive patients (n = 595 women, 266 men) referred during a three-year period from mainly primary health care centers for a multidisciplinary team assessment at a pain rehabilitation clinic at a university hospital in Northern Sweden. Patient data were collected from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation National Pain Register. The outcome variable was being selected by the multidisciplinary team assessment to a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. The independent variables were: sex, age, born outside Sweden, education, pain severity as well as the hospital, anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Results: Low-educated women were less often selected to multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs than high-educated women (OR 0.55, CI 0.30–0.98), even after control for age, being born outside Sweden, pain intensity and HADS. No significant findings were found when comparing the results between high- and low-educated men. Conclusion: Our findings can be interpreted as possible discrimination against low-educated women with chronic pain in hospital referrals to pain rehabilitation. There is a need for more gender-theoretical research emphasizing the importance of taking several power dimensions into account when analyzing possible bias in health care.

Suggested Citation

  • Anne Hammarström & Inger Haukenes & Anncristine Fjellman Wiklund & Arja Lehti & Maria Wiklund & Birgitta Evengård & Britt-Marie Stålnacke, 2014. "Low-Educated Women with Chronic Pain Were Less Often Selected to Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Programs," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(5), pages 1-6, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0097134
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097134
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hankivsky, Olena, 2012. "Women’s health, men’s health, and gender and health: Implications of intersectionality," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(11), pages 1712-1720.
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    1. Skempes, Dimitrios & Kiekens, Carlotte & Malmivaara, Anti & Michail, Xanthi & Bickenbach, Jerome & Stucki, Gerold, 2022. "Supporting government policies to embed and expand rehabilitation in health systems in Europe: A framework for action," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(3), pages 158-172.

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