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Clustering of the Metabolic Syndrome Components in Adolescence: Role of Visceral Fat

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Listed:
  • Melkaye G Melka
  • Michal Abrahamowicz
  • Gabriel T Leonard
  • Michel Perron
  • Louis Richer
  • Suzanne Veillette
  • Daniel Gaudet
  • Tomáš Paus
  • Zdenka Pausova

Abstract

Visceral fat (VF) promotes the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which emerges as early as in adolescence. The clustering of MetS components suggests shared etiologies, but these are largely unknown and may vary between males and females. Here, we investigated the latent structure of pre-clinical MetS in a community-based sample of 286 male and 312 female adolescents, assessing their abdominal adiposity (VF) directly with magnetic resonance imaging. Principal component analysis of the five MetS-defining variables (VF, blood pressure [BP], fasting serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and glucose) identified two independent components in both males and females. The first component was sex-similar; it explained >30% of variance and was loaded by all but BP variables. The second component explained >20% of variance; it was loaded by BP similarly in both sexes but additional loading by metabolic variables was sex-specific. This sex-specificity was not detected in analyses that used waist circumference instead of VF. In adolescence, MetS-defining variables cluster into at least two sub-syndromes: (1) sex-similar metabolic abnormalities of obesity-induced insulin resistance and (2) sex-specific metabolic abnormalities associated with BP elevation. These results suggest that the etiology of MetS may involve more than one pathway and that some of the pathways may differ between males and females. Further, the sex-specific metabolic abnormalities associated with BP elevation suggest the need for sex-specific prevention and treatment strategies of MetS.

Suggested Citation

  • Melkaye G Melka & Michal Abrahamowicz & Gabriel T Leonard & Michel Perron & Louis Richer & Suzanne Veillette & Daniel Gaudet & Tomáš Paus & Zdenka Pausova, 2013. "Clustering of the Metabolic Syndrome Components in Adolescence: Role of Visceral Fat," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(12), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0082368
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082368
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li, Baibing & Martin, Elaine B. & Morris, A. Julian, 2002. "On principal component analysis in L1," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 471-474, September.
    2. Evan D. Rosen & Bruce M. Spiegelman, 2006. "Adipocytes as regulators of energy balance and glucose homeostasis," Nature, Nature, vol. 444(7121), pages 847-853, December.
    3. Andrew Woolston & Yu-Kang Tu & Paul D Baxter & Mark S Gilthorpe, 2012. "A Comparison of Different Approaches to Unravel the Latent Structure within Metabolic Syndrome," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(4), pages 1-9, April.
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