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Socially-Assigned Race, Healthcare Discrimination and Preventive Healthcare Services

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  • Tracy MacIntosh
  • Mayur M Desai
  • Tene T Lewis
  • Beth A Jones
  • Marcella Nunez-Smith

Abstract

Background: Race and ethnicity, typically defined as how individuals self-identify, are complex social constructs. Self-identified racial/ethnic minorities are less likely to receive preventive care and more likely to report healthcare discrimination than self-identified non-Hispanic whites. However, beyond self-identification, these outcomes may vary depending on whether racial/ethnic minorities are perceived by others as being minority or white; this perception is referred to as socially-assigned race. Purpose: To examine the associations between socially-assigned race and healthcare discrimination and receipt of selected preventive services. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System “Reactions to Race” module. Respondents from seven states and the District of Columbia were categorized into 3 groups, defined by a composite of self-identified race/socially-assigned race: Minority/Minority (M/M, n = 6,837), Minority/White (M/W, n = 929), and White/White (W/W, n = 25,913). Respondents were 18 years or older, with 61.7% under age 60; 51.8% of respondents were female. Measures included reported healthcare discrimination and receipt of vaccinations and cancer screenings. Results: Racial/ethnic minorities who reported being socially-assigned as minority (M/M) were more likely to report healthcare discrimination compared with those who reported being socially-assigned as white (M/W) (8.9% vs. 5.0%, p = 0.002). Those reporting being socially-assigned as white (M/W and W/W) had similar rates for past-year influenza (73.1% vs. 74.3%) and pneumococcal (69.3% vs. 58.6%) vaccinations; however, rates were significantly lower among M/M respondents (56.2% and 47.6%, respectively, p-values

Suggested Citation

  • Tracy MacIntosh & Mayur M Desai & Tene T Lewis & Beth A Jones & Marcella Nunez-Smith, 2013. "Socially-Assigned Race, Healthcare Discrimination and Preventive Healthcare Services," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(5), pages 1-7, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0064522
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064522
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Samson, Frank L., 2015. "Racial resentment and smoking," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 164-168.
    3. James, Drexler & Horne, Lisette, 2024. "Examining barriers to dental, medical, mental, and vision healthcare access, attitudes towards seeking healthcare, and internalized racism among Black Americans," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).

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