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Patterns and Distribution of HIV among Adult Men and Women in India

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  • Jessica M Perkins
  • Kashif T Khan
  • S V Subramanian

Abstract

Background: While the estimated prevalence of HIV in India experienced a downward revision in 2007, the patterning and distribution of HIV in the population remains unclear. We examined the individual and state-level socioeconomic patterning of individual HIV status among adult men and women in India as well as the patterning of other individual demographic and behavioral determinants of HIV status. Methodology/Principal Findings: We conducted logistic regression models accounting for the survey design using nationally representative, cross-sectional data on 100,030 women and men from the 2005–2006 India National Family Health survey which, for the first time, provided objective assessments of HIV seroprevalence. Although there was a weak relationship between household wealth and risk of being HIV-positive, there was a clear negative relationship between individual education attainment and risk of being HIV-positive among both men and women. A 1000 Rupee change in the per capita net state domestic product was associated with a 4% and 5% increase in the risk for positive HIV status among men and women, respectively. State-level income inequality was associated with increased risk of HIV for men. Marital status and selected sexual behavior indicators were significant predictors of HIV status among women whereas the age effect was the most dominant predictor of HIV infection among men. Conclusions/Significance: Although the prevalence of HIV in India is low, the lack of strong wealth patterning in the risk of HIV suggests a more generalized distribution of HIV risk than some of India's high-risk group HIV prevention policies have assumed. The positive association between state economic development and individual risk for HIV is intriguing and requires further scrutiny.

Suggested Citation

  • Jessica M Perkins & Kashif T Khan & S V Subramanian, 2009. "Patterns and Distribution of HIV among Adult Men and Women in India," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(5), pages 1-7, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0005648
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005648
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peter Piot & Robert Greener & Sarah Russell, 2007. "Squaring the Circle: AIDS, Poverty, and Human Development," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(10), pages 1-5, October.
    2. Deon Filmer & Lant Pritchett, 2001. "Estimating Wealth Effects Without Expenditure Data—Or Tears: An Application To Educational Enrollments In States Of India," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 38(1), pages 115-132, February.
    3. Jane Fortson, 2008. "The gradient in sub-saharan Africa: Socioeconomic status and HIV/AIDS," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 45(2), pages 303-322, May.
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    1. Rajneesh Kumar Joshi & Sanjay M Mehendale, 2019. "Determinants of consistently high HIV prevalence in Indian Districts: A multi-level analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(5), pages 1-14, May.
    2. Harling, Guy & Subramanian, S.V. & Bärnighausen, Till & Kawachi, Ichiro, 2014. "Income inequality and sexually transmitted in the United States: Who bears the burden?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 174-182.
    3. Lall, Priya, 2014. "Social Factors Affecting Women's Susceptibility to HIV in India," ADBI Working Papers 485, Asian Development Bank Institute.

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