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Growth Environment and Sex Differences in Lipids, Body Shape and Diabetes Risk

Author

Listed:
  • C Mary Schooling
  • Tai Hing Lam
  • G Neil Thomas
  • Benjamin J Cowling
  • Michelle Heys
  • Edward D Janus
  • Gabriel M Leung
  • for the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study Steering Committee

Abstract

Background: Sex differences in lipids and body shape, but not diabetes, increase at puberty. Hong Kong Chinese are mainly first or second generation migrants from China, who have shared an economically developed environment for years, but grew up in very different environments in Hong Kong or contemporaneously undeveloped Guangdong, China. We assessed if environment during growth had sex-specific associations with lipids and body shape, but not diabetes. Methodology and Principal Findings: We used multivariable regression in a population-based cross-sectional study, undertaken from 1994 to 1996, of 2537 Hong Kong Chinese residents aged 25 to 74 years with clinical measurements of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) risk, including HDL-cholesterol, ApoB, diabetes and obesity. Waist-hip ratio was higher (mean difference 0.01, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.02) in men, who had grown up in an economically developed rather than undeveloped environment, as was apolipoprotein B (0.05 g/L, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.10), adjusted for age, socio-economic status and lifestyle. In contrast, the same comparison was associated in women with lower waist-hip ratio (−0.01, 95% CI −0.001 to −0.02) and higher HDL-cholesterol (0.05 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.0004 to 0.10). The associations in men and women were significantly different (p-values

Suggested Citation

  • C Mary Schooling & Tai Hing Lam & G Neil Thomas & Benjamin J Cowling & Michelle Heys & Edward D Janus & Gabriel M Leung & for the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study Steering Committ, 2007. "Growth Environment and Sex Differences in Lipids, Body Shape and Diabetes Risk," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 2(10), pages 1-9, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0001070
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001070
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nikiforov, S.V. & Mamaev, V.B., 1998. "The development of sex differences in cardiovascular disease mortality: A historical perspective," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 88(9), pages 1348-1353.
    2. Langenberg, C. & Kuh, D. & Wadsworth, M.E.J. & Brunner, E. & Hardy, R., 2006. "Social circumstances and education: Life course origins of social inequalities in metabolic risk in a prospective national birth cohort," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 96(12), pages 2216-2221.
    3. Ezeamama, Amara E. & Viali, Satupaitea & Tuitele, John & McGarvey, Stephen T., 2006. "The influence of socioeconomic factors on cardiovascular disease risk factors in the context of economic development in the Samoan archipelago," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(10), pages 2533-2545, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mary Schooling, C. & Lau, Elaine W.L. & Tin, Keith Y.K. & Leung, Gabriel M., 2010. "Social disparities and cause-specific mortality during economic development," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(10), pages 1550-1557, May.
    2. Rich, Kate & von Fintel, Dieter, 2024. "Childhood circumstances, social mobility and the obesity transition: Evidence from South Africa," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    3. Kavikondala, Sushma & Jiang, Chao Qiang & Zhang, Wei Sen & Cheng, Kar Keung & Lam, Tai Hing & Leung, Gabriel M. & Schooling, C. Mary, 2010. "Intergenerational 'mismatch' and adiposity in a developing population: The Guangzhou biobank cohort study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(6), pages 834-843, March.

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