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Multi-state Modeling of Biomolecules

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  • Melanie I Stefan
  • Thomas M Bartol
  • Terrence J Sejnowski
  • Mary B Kennedy

Abstract

Multi-state modeling of biomolecules refers to a series of techniques used to represent and compute the behavior of biological molecules or complexes that can adopt a large number of possible functional states. Biological signaling systems often rely on complexes of biological macromolecules that can undergo several functionally significant modifications that are mutually compatible. Thus, they can exist in a very large number of functionally different states. Modeling such multi-state systems poses two problems: the problem of how to describe and specify a multi-state system (the “specification problem”) and the problem of how to use a computer to simulate the progress of the system over time (the “computation problem”). To address the specification problem, modelers have in recent years moved away from explicit specification of all possible states and towards rule-based formalisms that allow for implicit model specification, including the κ-calculus [1], BioNetGen [2]–[5], the Allosteric Network Compiler [6], and others [7], [8]. To tackle the computation problem, they have turned to particle-based methods that have in many cases proved more computationally efficient than population-based methods based on ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, or the Gillespie stochastic simulation algorithm [9], [10]. Given current computing technology, particle-based methods are sometimes the only possible option. Particle-based simulators fall into two further categories: nonspatial simulators, such as StochSim [11], DYNSTOC [12], RuleMonkey [9], [13], and the Network-Free Stochastic Simulator (NFSim) [14], and spatial simulators, including Meredys [15], SRSim [16], [17], and MCell [18]–[20]. Modelers can thus choose from a variety of tools, the best choice depending on the particular problem. Development of faster and more powerful methods is ongoing, promising the ability to simulate ever more complex signaling processes in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Melanie I Stefan & Thomas M Bartol & Terrence J Sejnowski & Mary B Kennedy, 2014. "Multi-state Modeling of Biomolecules," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(9), pages 1-9, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pcbi00:1003844
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003844
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Drew Endy & Roger Brent, 2001. "Modelling cellular behaviour," Nature, Nature, vol. 409(6818), pages 391-395, January.
    2. Justin S Hogg & Leonard A Harris & Lori J Stover & Niketh S Nair & James R Faeder, 2014. "Exact Hybrid Particle/Population Simulation of Rule-Based Models of Biochemical Systems," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-16, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rory M Donovan & Jose-Juan Tapia & Devin P Sullivan & James R Faeder & Robert F Murphy & Markus Dittrich & Daniel M Zuckerman, 2016. "Unbiased Rare Event Sampling in Spatial Stochastic Systems Biology Models Using a Weighted Ensemble of Trajectories," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(2), pages 1-25, February.

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