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Feminisation of Migration; Historical Aspects, Contemporary Trends and Socio-economic Empowerment of Women (Article)

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  • Meetha Ram
  • Bakhtawar Nizamani

Abstract

Migration is a multi-faceted experience with social, economic, and personal development opportunities. Gender-specific migration also has different dynamics. This paper explores the gender-specific trends and impacts of migration on women. It explores the historical context, pushing features, and patterns of the women migration in Pakistan by focusing on how these types of trends have changed over time. The Sindh province of Pakistan has become the main place to migrate due to the country’s economic hub, Karachi, so this paper also discusses women’s social and economic empowerment as a result of migration by discussing the insights from the Sindh province of Pakistan. Contemporary trends of migration show key challenges like gender discrimination and limited access to resources or educational opportunities, and societal norms also control the economic opportunities for women. Despite these challenges, women establish notable resilience and adaptive behaviour, being part of many economic activities in formal and informal sectors. This paper is based on the structured literature review and uses the PRISMA model for systematic review and analyses of the literature. The application of these tools helped to have comprehensive coverage of the literature on gendered dimensions and social and economic impacts of migration of women for this paper. The analysis highlights the necessity for inclusive policies that encourage gender equality and empowerment of migrated women by ensuring access to education, resources, and legal support mechanisms.

Suggested Citation

  • Meetha Ram & Bakhtawar Nizamani, 2024. "Feminisation of Migration; Historical Aspects, Contemporary Trends and Socio-economic Empowerment of Women (Article)," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 63(3), pages 429-448.
    • Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:63:y:2024:i:3:p:429-448
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mahreen Mahmud & Tareena Musaddiq & Farah Said, 2010. "Internal Migration Patterns in Pakistan—The Case for Fiscal Decentralisation," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 49(4), pages 593-607.
    2. Mahwish Khan, 2023. "The dynamics influencing women to become teachers in the public sector of Pakistan," Chapters, in: Hazel Conley & Paula Koskinen Sandberg (ed.), Handbook on Gender and Public Sector Employment, chapter 10, pages 122-135, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Kamal A. Munir & Salman Khalid, 2012. "Pakistan’s Power Crisis: How Did We Get Here?," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 17(Special E), pages 73-82, September.
    4. Abdul Hakim & Azra Aziz, 1998. "Socio-cultural, Religious, and Political Aspects of the Status of Women in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 37(4), pages 727-746.
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