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Public attitudes towards algorithmic personalization and use of personal data online: evidence from Germany, Great Britain, and the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Anastasia Kozyreva

    (Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development)

  • Philipp Lorenz-Spreen

    (Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development)

  • Ralph Hertwig

    (Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development)

  • Stephan Lewandowsky

    (School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol
    University of Western Australia)

  • Stefan M. Herzog

    (Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development)

Abstract

People rely on data-driven AI technologies nearly every time they go online, whether they are shopping, scrolling through news feeds, or looking for entertainment. Yet despite their ubiquity, personalization algorithms and the associated large-scale collection of personal data have largely escaped public scrutiny. Policy makers who wish to introduce regulations that respect people’s attitudes towards privacy and algorithmic personalization on the Internet would greatly benefit from knowing how people perceive personalization and personal data collection. To contribute to an empirical foundation for this knowledge, we surveyed public attitudes towards key aspects of algorithmic personalization and people’s data privacy concerns and behavior using representative online samples in Germany (N = 1065), Great Britain (N = 1092), and the United States (N = 1059). Our findings show that people object to the collection and use of sensitive personal information and to the personalization of political campaigning and, in Germany and Great Britain, to the personalization of news sources. Encouragingly, attitudes are independent of political preferences: People across the political spectrum share the same concerns about their data privacy and show similar levels of acceptance regarding personalized digital services and the use of private data for personalization. We also found an acceptability gap: People are more accepting of personalized services than of the collection of personal data and information required for these services. A large majority of respondents rated, on average, personalized services as more acceptable than the collection of personal information or data. The acceptability gap can be observed at both the aggregate and the individual level. Across countries, between 64% and 75% of respondents showed an acceptability gap. Our findings suggest a need for transparent algorithmic personalization that minimizes use of personal data, respects people’s preferences on personalization, is easy to adjust, and does not extend to political advertising.

Suggested Citation

  • Anastasia Kozyreva & Philipp Lorenz-Spreen & Ralph Hertwig & Stephan Lewandowsky & Stefan M. Herzog, 2021. "Public attitudes towards algorithmic personalization and use of personal data online: evidence from Germany, Great Britain, and the United States," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palcom:v:8:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-021-00787-w
    DOI: 10.1057/s41599-021-00787-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Garcia, 2019. "Privacy beyond the individual," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 3(2), pages 112-113, February.
    2. Philipp Lorenz-Spreen & Stephan Lewandowsky & Cass R. Sunstein & Ralph Hertwig, 2020. "How behavioural sciences can promote truth, autonomy and democratic discourse online," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 4(11), pages 1102-1109, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. S. Mills & S. Costa & C. R. Sunstein, 2023. "AI, Behavioural Science, and Consumer Welfare," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 46(3), pages 387-400, September.
    2. Katharina Baum & Olga Abramova & Stefan Meißner & Hanna Krasnova, 2023. "The effects of targeted political advertising on user privacy concerns and digital product acceptance: A preference-based approach," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 33(1), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Goonj Mohan, 2024. "The Data Economy and Polarization on Social Media," UB School of Economics Working Papers 2024/462, University of Barcelona School of Economics.
    4. M. Leszczynska & D. Baltag, 2024. "“Can I have it non-personalised?” An Empirical Investigation of Consumer Willingness to Share Data for Personalized Services and Ads," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 345-372, September.
    5. Sophie Minihold & Fabio Votta, 2024. "Accepting Exclusion: Examining the (Un)Intended Consequences of Data-Driven Campaigns," Media and Communication, Cogitatio Press, vol. 12.

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