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Offshore Sourcing: Reaction, Maturation, and Consolidation of U.S. Multinationals

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  • Masaaki Kotabe

    (The University of Texas at Austin)

  • K Scott Swan

    (The University of Texas at Austin)

Abstract

The authors conducted a quasi-longitudinal investigation of U.S. multinationals' R&D, manufacturing, offshore sourcing strategies, and resultant global market performance implications, utilizing comprehensive data collected by the 1977, 1982 and 1989 benchmark surveys of U.S. direct investment abroad. Hypotheses were tested in a path analytic framework. Despite increased competition at home and abroad causing their global market share positions to weaken in recent years, U.S. multinationals have maintained, and even may have improved, their global consolidated profitability levels by skillfully exploiting their technological prowess through technology transfer and off-shore sourcing. Rapidly changing roles of U.S. parent firms and their foreign affiliates in technology development and global sourcing relationships portend a maturing, yet arduous, shift toward a global rationalization.© 1994 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1994) 25, 115–140

Suggested Citation

  • Masaaki Kotabe & K Scott Swan, 1994. "Offshore Sourcing: Reaction, Maturation, and Consolidation of U.S. Multinationals," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 25(1), pages 115-140, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:jintbs:v:25:y:1994:i:1:p:115-140
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    Cited by:

    1. Curran, Louise & Zignago, Soledad, 2012. "EU enlargement and the evolution of European production networks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 240-257.
    2. Mol, Michael J. & van Tulder, Rob J.M. & Beije, Paul R., 2005. "Antecedents and performance consequences of international outsourcing," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 14(5), pages 599-617, October.
    3. Mauri, Alfredo J. & Neiva de Figueiredo, João, 2012. "Strategic Patterns of Internationalization and Performance Variability: Effects of US-Based MNC Cross-Border Dispersion, Integration, and Outsourcing," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 38-51.
    4. Wieland, Andreas & Bals, Lydia & Mol, Michael J. & Handfield, Robert B., 2020. "Overcoming blind spots in global sourcing research: Exploiting the cross-sections between supply chain management and international business," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 26(1).
    5. Li, Zhan G. & Murray, L. William & Scott, Don, 2000. "Global Sourcing, Multiple Country-of-Origin Facets, and Consumer Reactions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 121-133, February.
    6. da Silveira, Giovani J.C., 2014. "An empirical analysis of manufacturing competitive factors and offshoring," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 163-173.
    7. Ceci, Federica & Prencipe, Andrea, 2013. "Does Distance Hinder Coordination? Identifying and Bridging Boundaries of Offshored Work," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 324-332.
    8. Heather Berry & Aseem Kaul, 2015. "Global Sourcing and Foreign Knowledge Seeking," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 61(5), pages 1052-1071, May.
    9. Lorena D’Agostino, 2015. "The neglected effects of R&D captive offshoring in emerging countries on the creation of knowledge at home," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 42(1), pages 61-91, March.
    10. Lutz Kaufmann & Peter Körte, 2010. "Responses of Advanced Country MNEs to Low-cost Country Imports in Their Home Markets," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 50(2), pages 241-262, April.
    11. Kotabe, Masaaki & Murray, Janet Y., 1996. "Determinants of intra-firm sourcing and market performance," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 121-135, April.
    12. Desbordes, Rodolphe, 2007. "The sensitivity of U.S. multinational enterprises to political and macroeconomic uncertainty: A sectoral analysis," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 732-750, December.
    13. Buckley, Peter J. & Hashai, Niron, 2005. "Firm configuration and internationalisation: A model," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 14(6), pages 655-675, December.
    14. Andreas Grossler, 2010. "An Exploratory Study of Differences in Manufacturing Strategy between National and Global Production Firms," Journal of Management and Strategy, Journal of Management and Strategy, Sciedu Press, vol. 1(1), pages 47-62, December.
    15. Roth, Martin S. & Money, R. Bruce & Madden, Thomas J., 2004. "Purchasing processes and characteristics of industrial service buyers in the U.S. and Japan," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 183-198, May.
    16. Nassimbeni, Guido, 2006. "International sourcing: Empirical evidence from a sample of Italian firms," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(2), pages 694-706, October.
    17. Pongelli, Claudia & Calabrò, Andrea & Basco, Rodrigo, 2019. "Family firms' international make-or-buy decisions: Captive offshoring, offshore outsourcing, and the role of home region focus," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 596-606.
    18. Schmeisser, Bjoern, 2013. "A Systematic Review of Literature on Offshoring of Value Chain Activities," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 390-406.
    19. Moser, Roger & Narayanamurthy, Gopalakrishnan & Kusaba, Keiko & Kaiser, Gernot, 2018. "Performance of low-cost country sourcing projects – Conceptual model & empirical analysis," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 30-43.
    20. Jia, Fu & Lamming, Richard & Sartor, Marco & Orzes, Guido & Nassimbeni, Guido, 2014. "International purchasing offices in China: A dynamic evolution model," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 580-593.
    21. Andersen, Poul Houman & Cook, Nicole & Marceau, Jane, 2004. "Dynamic innovation strategies and stable networks in the construction industry: Implanting solar energy projects in the Sydney Olympic Village," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 57(4), pages 351-360, April.

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