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Legal implications of automated suspicious transaction monitoring: enhancing integrity of AI

Author

Listed:
  • Umut Turksen

    (Coventry University)

  • Vladlena Benson

    (Aston University)

  • Bogdan Adamyk

    (Aston University)

Abstract

The fast-paced advances of technology, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), continue to create new opportunities for banks and other financial institutions. This study reveals the barriers to trust in AI by prudential banking supervisors (compliance with regulations). We conducted a qualitative study on the drivers for adoption of explainability technologies that increase transparency and understanding of complex algorithms (some of the underpinning legal principles in the proposed EU AI Act). By using human-centred and ethics-by-design methods coupled with interviews of the key stakeholders from Eastern European private and public banks and IT AI/ML developers, this research has identified the key challenges concerning the employment of AI algorithms. The results indicate a conflicting view of AI barriers whilst revealing the importance of AI/ML systems in banks, the growing willingness of banks to use such systems more widely, and the problematic aspects of implementing AI/ML systems related to their cost and economic efficiency. Keeping up with the complex regulation requirements comes at a significant cost to banks and financial firms. The focus of the empirical study, stakeholders in Ukraine, Estonia and Poland, was chosen because of the fact that there has been a sharp increase in the adoption of AI/ML models in this jurisdiction in the context of its war with Russia and the ensuing sanctions regime. While the “leapfrogging” AI/ML paths in each bank surveyed had its own drivers and challenges, these insights provide lessons for banks in other European jurisdictions. The analysis of four criminal cases brought against top banks and conclusions of the study indicate that the increase in predicate crimes for money laundering, constantly evolving sanctions regime along with the enhanced scrutiny and enforcement action against banks are hindering technology innovation and legal implications of using AI driven tools for compliance.

Suggested Citation

  • Umut Turksen & Vladlena Benson & Bogdan Adamyk, 2024. "Legal implications of automated suspicious transaction monitoring: enhancing integrity of AI," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 25(4), pages 359-377, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:jbkreg:v:25:y:2024:i:4:d:10.1057_s41261-024-00233-2
    DOI: 10.1057/s41261-024-00233-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Trust; Explainability; Transparency; Suspicious transactions; Anti-money laundering; Banking;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • K23 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives

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