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Metaphor in Conflict Transformation: Using Arts to Shift Perspectives and Build Empathy

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  • Vicki-Ann Ware

    (Deakin University)

Abstract

This paper reports findings from an arts-based intra-communal peacebuilding programme in North-Central Rakhine State (Myanmar), 2016–2018, on the role metaphors—embedded in arts processes and artefacts—played in facilitating reported shifts in conflict-related attitudes and behaviours. An established body of literature shows the central importance of metaphor to human cognition, particularly where it underpins emotional responses (especially empathy formation) to otherwise sensitive issues. Few studies have extended this to verbal dialogue in conflict settings. No studies have explored arts-based metaphor’s potential for enabling conflict-affected communities to explore peacebuilding. Findings suggest metaphor were instrumental in enabling sustainable, significant shifts in conflict repertories (Bar-Tal) by allowing participants to analyse conflict narratives, imagine alternatives, rehearse intended peace repertoires and codify new ideas for easy recall post-workshop. While shifts in repertoire and resulting behaviours were small, they were significant in motivating these Rakhine villagers to reinitiate cautious contact with Rohingya neighbours. Cet article présente les résultats d'un programme intracommunautaire de consolidation de la paix fondé sur l’art dans l'État du centre-nord de Rakhine (Myanmar) entre 2016 et 2018, et présente notamment le rôle que les métaphores - intégrées dans les processus et artefacts artistiques – ont joué pour faciliter des changements remarqués dans les attitudes et les comportements liés au conflit. Un corpus établi de littérature montre l'importance centrale de la métaphore pour le cerveau humain, en particulier là où elle sous-tend les réponses émotionnelles (en particulier la formation de l'empathie) à des problèmes par ailleurs sensibles. Peu d'études ont étendu cela au dialogue verbal dans les situations de conflit. Aucune étude ne s’est penchée sur le potentiel de la métaphore artistique pour permettre aux communautés touchées par les conflits d'explorer les processus de consolidation de la paix. Les résultats suggèrent que l’utilisation de métaphores a contribué à rendre possible des changements durables et significatifs dans les répertoires de conflit (Bar-Tal) en permettant aux participant·e·s d'analyser la façon dont on parle des conflits, d'imaginer des alternatives, de s’entraîner à utiliser un répertoire dédié lié à la paix et de mettre en place de nouvelles idées pour s’en souvenir facilement après l'atelier. Bien que les changements aient été légers au niveau des répertoires utilisés et des comportements qui en résultent, ils ont été importants pour inciter ces villageois·es de Rakhine à reprendre un contact prudent avec leurs voisin·e·s Rohingyas.

Suggested Citation

  • Vicki-Ann Ware, 2023. "Metaphor in Conflict Transformation: Using Arts to Shift Perspectives and Build Empathy," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 35(4), pages 914-937, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:pal:eurjdr:v:35:y:2023:i:4:d:10.1057_s41287-022-00546-w
    DOI: 10.1057/s41287-022-00546-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vicki-Ann Ware & Kim Dunphy, 2019. "Methodological Practices in Research on Arts-Based Programs in International Development: A Systematic Review," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 31(3), pages 480-503, July.
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    1. Vicki-Ann Ware & Kim Dunphy, 2020. "How Do Arts Programmes Contribute in International Development? A Systematic Review of Outcomes and Associated Processes," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 20(2), pages 140-162, April.

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