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Variations of Late Socialist Development: Integration and Marginalization in the Northern Uplands of Vietnam and Laos

Author

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  • Rupert Friederichsen

    (Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester)

  • Andreas Neef

    (Kyushu University, Fukuoka)

Abstract

This article analyzes the dynamics of integration and marginalization inherent in the development process experienced by the rural upland areas of Vietnam and Lao PDR. Focusing on the post-1980s reform period, we compare the two uplands areas along the three themes ethnic difference and hierarchy, development policies and market permeation. In both countries, the low and differential status of ethnic minorities is reflected in policy formulation and implementation, contradicting the official rhetoric and goal of unity and equality among ethnic groups. Market influences are increasingly permeating the uplands of both countries although to varying degrees, connecting them with not only national, but also global commodity markets, and leading to increasing differentiation within and between ethnic groups. These development trajectories integrate and marginalize ethnic minority groups and individuals simultaneously but differentially.Cet article analyse les dynamiques d’intégration et de marginalisation liées au processus de développement qui a lieu dans les régions rurales montagneuses du Vietnam et du Laos. En nous concentrant sur la période de réformes postérieure aux années 80, nous effectuons une comparaison de deux régions montagneuses, autour de trois thèmes: différences ethniques et hiérarchie, politiques de développement, et pénétration de marché. Dans les deux pays, la situation– généralement défavorable– des minorités ethniques se reflète dans la formulation et la mise en œuvre des politiques, ce qui contredit le discours et l’objectif officiel de promotion de l’unité et de l’égalité entre les différents groupes ethniques. De plus, l’influence du marché se fait de plus en plus sentir dans les régions montagneuses des deux pays – bien qu’à des degrés différents – ce qui les met en contact avec des marchés non seulement nationaux mais aussi internationaux, et accroît de ce fait la différenciation tant au sein qu’entre les différents groupes ethniques. Ces trajectoires de développement intègrent et marginalisent les minorités ethniques et les individus de manière simultanée mais différenciée.

Suggested Citation

  • Rupert Friederichsen & Andreas Neef, 2010. "Variations of Late Socialist Development: Integration and Marginalization in the Northern Uplands of Vietnam and Laos," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 22(4), pages 564-581, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:pal:eurjdr:v:22:y:2010:i:4:p:564-581
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Chalathon Choocharoen & Andreas Neef & Pornchai Preechapanya & Volker Hoffmann, 2014. "Agrosilvopastoral Systems in Northern Thailand and Northern Laos: Minority Peoples’ Knowledge versus Government Policy," Land, MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-23, May.
    2. Lisa Hiwasaki & Thai Thi Minh, 2022. "Negotiating marginality: Towards an understanding of diverse development pathways of ethnic minorities in Vietnam," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(8), pages 1455-1475, November.
    3. Isabel Fischer & Tina Beuchelt & Tom Dufhues & Gertrud Buchenrieder, 2010. "Risk management networks of ethnic minorities in Viet Nam," Asia-Pacific Development Journal, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), vol. 17(2), pages 83-118, December.
    4. Edo Andriesse & Anouxay Phommalath, 2012. "Provincial Poverty Dynamics in Lao PDR: A Case Study of Savannakhet," Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, Institute of Asian Studies, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies, Hamburg, vol. 31(3), pages 3-27.
    5. Broegaard, Rikke Brandt & Vongvisouk, Thoumthone & Mertz, Ole, 2017. "Contradictory Land Use Plans and Policies in Laos: Tenure Security and the Threat of Exclusion," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 170-183.
    6. Nguyen, Huu Nhuan & van de Fliert, Elske & Nicetic, Oleg, 2015. "Towards a holistic framework for impact assessment of agricultural research for development – understanding complexity in remote, culturally diverse regions of Vietnam," Australasian Agribusiness Review, University of Melbourne, Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, vol. 23, March.
    7. Rupert Friederichsen & Thai Minh & Andreas Neef & Volker Hoffmann, 2013. "Adapting the innovation systems approach to agricultural development in Vietnam: challenges to the public extension service," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 30(4), pages 555-568, December.
    8. Minh, Thai Thi, 2019. "Unpacking the systemic problems and blocking mechanisms of a regional agricultural innovation system: An integrated regional-functional-structural analysis," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 268-280.
    9. repec:dau:papers:123456789/11437 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Guillaume Duteurtre & Emmanuel Pannier & Nathalie Hostiou & Mai Huong Nguyen & Jean-Daniel Cesaro & Duy Khanh Pham & Pascal Bonnet, 2022. "Economic Reforms and the Rise of Milk Mega Farms in Vietnam: Governing the Post-socialist Transition," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 34(4), pages 2098-2125, August.
    11. Jun Ma & Jinliang Wang & Jianpeng Zhang & Suling He & Lanfang Liu & Xuzheng Zhong, 2024. "The Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Ecosystem Services Value in Laos between 2000 and 2020," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-19, September.

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