IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/assmgt/v20y2019i2d10.1057_s41260-019-00112-w.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An alternative fundamental weighting scheme based on enterprise value multiple

Author

Listed:
  • Wenguang Lin

    (Western Connecticut State University)

  • Gary C. Sanger

    (Louisiana State University)

Abstract

Fundamental indexing has been proposed as a semi-active strategy that outperforms classical market-capitalization weighting. This paper proposes an alternative weighting scheme based on the enterprise value multiple (EM) that integrates the market value of equity with debt information. Over the period 1972–2017, the EM-weighted index has lower tracking error and a higher information ratio when compared with a composite fundamental index in US equities. The EM index generates an information ratio of 0.71 which is larger than the composite fundamental index. The EM index also generates significant alpha that exceeds the traditional fundamental index using several asset pricing models. Further tests show that debt information plays an important role in the outperformance of the alternative weighting scheme.

Suggested Citation

  • Wenguang Lin & Gary C. Sanger, 2019. "An alternative fundamental weighting scheme based on enterprise value multiple," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(2), pages 146-156, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:assmgt:v:20:y:2019:i:2:d:10.1057_s41260-019-00112-w
    DOI: 10.1057/s41260-019-00112-w
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41260-019-00112-w
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1057/s41260-019-00112-w?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fama, Eugene F & French, Kenneth R, 1992. "The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 47(2), pages 427-465, June.
    2. Lakonishok, Josef & Shleifer, Andrei & Vishny, Robert W, 1994. "Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation, and Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(5), pages 1541-1578, December.
    3. repec:cup:jfinqa:v:46:y:2011:i:06:p:1629-1650_00 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Michael C. Jensen, 1968. "The Performance Of Mutual Funds In The Period 1945–1964," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(2), pages 389-416, May.
    5. Chen, Chen & Chen, Rong & Bassett, Gilbert W., 2007. "Fundamental indexation via smoothed cap weights," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(11), pages 3486-3502, November.
    6. Noël Amenc & Felix Goltz & Véronique Le Sourd, 2009. "The Performance of Characteristics‐based Indices1," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 15(2), pages 241-278, March.
    7. Anup K. Basu & Brigette Forbes & Henk Berkman, 2014. "Does fundamental indexation lead to better risk-adjusted returns? New evidence from Australian Securities Exchange," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 54(3), pages 699-728, September.
    8. Joanne Mar & Ron Bird & Lorenzo Casavecchia & Danny Yeung, 2009. "Fundamental Indexation: An Australian Investigation," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 34(1), pages 1-20, June.
    9. Walkshäusl, Christian & Lobe, Sebastian, 2015. "The Enterprise Multiple Investment Strategy: International Evidence," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 50(4), pages 781-800, August.
    10. Schwert, G. William, 2003. "Anomalies and market efficiency," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 15, pages 939-974, Elsevier.
    11. Jarrad Harford & Sattar A. Mansi & William F. Maxwell, 2012. "Corporate Governance and Firm Cash Holdings in the U.S," Springer Books, in: Sabri Boubaker & Bang Dang Nguyen & Duc Khuong Nguyen (ed.), Corporate Governance, edition 127, pages 107-138, Springer.
    12. Carhart, Mark M, 1997. "On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(1), pages 57-82, March.
    13. Shiller, Robert J, 1981. "The Use of Volatility Measures in Assessing Market Efficiency," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 36(2), pages 291-304, May.
    14. Brigette Forbes & Anup Basu, 2011. "Does Fundamental Indexation Lead to Better Risk Adjusted Returns? New Evidence from Australian Securities Exchange," School of Economics and Finance Discussion Papers and Working Papers Series 275, School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology.
    15. Berk, Jonathan B, 1995. "A Critique of Size-Related Anomalies," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 8(2), pages 275-286.
    16. John Lintner, 1965. "Security Prices, Risk, And Maximal Gains From Diversification," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 20(4), pages 587-615, December.
    17. George, Thomas J. & Hwang, Chuan-Yang, 2010. "A resolution of the distress risk and leverage puzzles in the cross section of stock returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(1), pages 56-79, April.
    18. Loughran, Tim & Wellman, Jay W., 2011. "New Evidence on the Relation between the Enterprise Multiple and Average Stock Returns," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 46(6), pages 1629-1650, December.
    19. Fama, Eugene F. & French, Kenneth R., 1993. "Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 3-56, February.
    20. William F. Sharpe, 1964. "Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 19(3), pages 425-442, September.
    21. Newey, Whitney & West, Kenneth, 2014. "A simple, positive semi-definite, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 33(1), pages 125-132.
    22. Olaf Stotz & Gabrielle Wanzenried & Karsten Döhnert, 2010. "Do fundamental indexes produce higher risk-adjusted returns than market cap indexes? Evidence for European stock markets," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 24(3), pages 219-243, September.
    23. Jegadeesh, Narasimhan & Titman, Sheridan, 1993. "Returns to Buying Winners and Selling Losers: Implications for Stock Market Efficiency," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 48(1), pages 65-91, March.
    24. Julius Hemminki & Vesa Puttonen, 2008. "Fundamental indexation in Europe," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(6), pages 401-405, February.
    25. Stephen H. Penman & Scott A. Richardson & İrem Tuna, 2007. "The Book‐to‐Price Effect in Stock Returns: Accounting for Leverage," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(2), pages 427-467, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Anup K. Basu & Brigette Forbes & Henk Berkman, 2014. "Does fundamental indexation lead to better risk-adjusted returns? New evidence from Australian Securities Exchange," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 54(3), pages 699-728, September.
    2. Walkshäusl, Christian & Lobe, Sebastian, 2010. "Fundamental indexing around the world," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 117-127, August.
    3. Adam Zaremba & Jacob Koby Shemer, 2018. "Price-Based Investment Strategies," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-319-91530-2, June.
    4. Eero Pätäri & Timo Leivo, 2017. "A Closer Look At Value Premium: Literature Review And Synthesis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(1), pages 79-168, February.
    5. Pätäri, Eero & Karell, Ville & Luukka, Pasi & Yeomans, Julian S, 2018. "Comparison of the multicriteria decision-making methods for equity portfolio selection: The U.S. evidence," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 265(2), pages 655-672.
    6. Fracasso, Laís Martins & Müller, Fernanda Maria & Ramos, Henrique Pinto & Righi, Marcelo Brutti, 2023. "Is there a risk premium? Evidence from thirteen measures," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 182-199.
    7. Amit Goyal, 2012. "Empirical cross-sectional asset pricing: a survey," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 26(1), pages 3-38, March.
    8. Christian Walkshäusl & Sebastian Lobe, 2010. "Fundamental indexing around the world," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(3), pages 117-127, August.
    9. Kewei Hou & Chen Xue & Lu Zhang, 2017. "Replicating Anomalies," NBER Working Papers 23394, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. Fernando Rubio, 2005. "Eficiencia De Mercado, Administracion De Carteras De Fondos Y Behavioural Finance," Finance 0503028, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 23 Jul 2005.
    11. Clifford S. Asness & Andrea Frazzini & Lasse Heje Pedersen, 2019. "Quality minus junk," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 34-112, March.
    12. Committee, Nobel Prize, 2013. "Understanding Asset Prices," Nobel Prize in Economics documents 2013-1, Nobel Prize Committee.
    13. Asness, Clifford & Frazzini, Andrea & Israel, Ronen & Moskowitz, Tobias J. & Pedersen, Lasse H., 2018. "Size matters, if you control your junk," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(3), pages 479-509.
    14. Bradrania, Reza & Veron, Jose Francisco, 2023. "The beta anomaly in the Australian stock market and the lottery demand," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    15. Long, Huaigang & Zhu, Yanjian & Chen, Lifang & Jiang, Yuexiang, 2019. "Tail risk and expected stock returns around the world," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 162-178.
    16. Linnenluecke, Martina K. & Chen, Xiaoyan & Ling, Xin & Smith, Tom & Zhu, Yushu, 2017. "Research in finance: A review of influential publications and a research agenda," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 188-199.
    17. Guo, Hui, 2006. "Time-varying risk premia and the cross section of stock returns," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 2087-2107, July.
    18. Sebastian Lobe & Christian Walkshäusl, 2016. "Vice versus virtue investing around the world," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 10(2), pages 303-344, March.
    19. Israel, Ronen & Moskowitz, Tobias J., 2013. "The role of shorting, firm size, and time on market anomalies," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(2), pages 275-301.
    20. Ryan Bartens & Shakill Hassan, 2010. "Value, size and momentum portfolios in real time: the cross section of South African stocks," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 35(2), pages 181-202, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Investment decisions; Portfolio choice; Rate of return; Risk analysis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pal:assmgt:v:20:y:2019:i:2:d:10.1057_s41260-019-00112-w. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.