IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pab/rmcpee/v32y2021i1p392-414.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Utilidad del Deep Learning en la predicción del fracaso empresarial en el ámbito europeo || The usefulness of Deep Learning in the prediction of business failure at the European level

Author

Listed:
  • Romero Martínez, Mariano

    (Universidad de Valencia)

  • Carmona Ibáñez, Pedro

    (Universidad de Valencia)

  • Pozuelo Campillo, José

    (Universidad de Valencia)

Abstract

En este trabajo pretendemos constatar la utilidad de las redes neuronales del Deep Learning en la predicción del fracaso empresarial, en particular, de las redes de alimentación hacia adelante (feedforward neuronal networks, en inglés). Se trata de una metodología caracterizada por proporcionar muy buenos resultados en términos de capacidad predictiva cuando se dispone de grandes tamaños muestrales. Para ello hemos desarrollado un modelo de predicción empresarial en empresas europeas, basado en dicho algoritmo, sobre una muestra formada por 61.624 empresas de las cuales 12.128 fueron declaradas en concurso en 2016. Como variables independientes se han considerado ratios y magnitudes económico-financieras obtenidas de las cuentas anuales del año anterior a la fecha del fracaso. Deep Learning logra una capacidad predictiva del 94%, de manera que presentan una mayor propensión al fracaso aquellas que tienen un mayor tamaño y una solvencia menor. Los resultados que se presentan se han contrastado en una submuestra de comprobación independiente y diferente a la empleada para estimar el modelo. || In this paper we intend to substantiate the usefulness of Deep Learning, especially feedforward neuronal networks, in the prediction of business failure. This methodology provides very good results in terms of predictive performance when large sample sizes are available. Therefore, we have developed a business failure prediction model for European companies, based on this algorithm on a sample of 61,624 companies, of which 12,128 were declared bankrupt in 2016. As independent variables were considered ratios, and economic and financial data obtained from the financial statements for the year preceding the date of failure. Deep Learning achieves a predictive performance of 94%, where companies with larger size and lower solvency are more prone to failure. The obtained results have been tested on an independent test sample, different from that used to estimate and train the model.

Suggested Citation

  • Romero Martínez, Mariano & Carmona Ibáñez, Pedro & Pozuelo Campillo, José, 2021. "Utilidad del Deep Learning en la predicción del fracaso empresarial en el ámbito europeo || The usefulness of Deep Learning in the prediction of business failure at the European level," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, vol. 32(1), pages 392-414, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:pab:rmcpee:v:32:y:2021:i:1:p:392-414
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.46661/revmetodoscuanteconempresa.5172
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/RevMetCuant/article/view/5172/5330
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/RevMetCuant/article/view/5172
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/https://doi.org/10.46661/revmetodoscuanteconempresa.5172?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhang, Guoqiang & Y. Hu, Michael & Eddy Patuwo, B. & C. Indro, Daniel, 1999. "Artificial neural networks in bankruptcy prediction: General framework and cross-validation analysis," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 116(1), pages 16-32, July.
    2. Kim, Soo Y. & Upneja, Arun, 2014. "Predicting restaurant financial distress using decision tree and AdaBoosted decision tree models," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 354-362.
    3. Tam, KY, 1991. "Neural network models and the prediction of bank bankruptcy," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 19(5), pages 429-445.
    4. Ravi Kumar, P. & Ravi, V., 2007. "Bankruptcy prediction in banks and firms via statistical and intelligent techniques - A review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 180(1), pages 1-28, July.
    5. Alfaro, Esteban & Gamez, Matias & García, Noelia, 2013. "adabag: An R Package for Classification with Boosting and Bagging," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 54(i02).
    6. Kar Yan Tam & Melody Y. Kiang, 1992. "Managerial Applications of Neural Networks: The Case of Bank Failure Predictions," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 38(7), pages 926-947, July.
    7. Friedman, Jerome H., 2002. "Stochastic gradient boosting," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 367-378, February.
    8. Madalina Ecaterina POPESCU & Marin ANDREICA & Ion-Petru POPESCU, 2017. "Decision Support Solution To Business Failure Prediction," Proceedings of the INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 11(1), pages 99-106, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. fernández, María t. Tascón & gutiérrez, Francisco J. Castaño, 2012. "Variables y Modelos Para La Identificación y Predicción Del Fracaso Empresarial: Revisión de La Investigación Empírica Reciente," Revista de Contabilidad - Spanish Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 7-58.
    2. Lin, Fengyi & Yeh, Ching Chiang & Lee, Meng Yuan, 2013. "A Hybrid Business Failure Prediction Model Using Locally Linear Embedding And Support Vector Machines," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(1), pages 82-97, March.
    3. Rogelio A. Mancisidor & Kjersti Aas, 2022. "Multimodal Generative Models for Bankruptcy Prediction Using Textual Data," Papers 2211.08405, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2024.
    4. Soo Young Kim, 2018. "Predicting hospitality financial distress with ensemble models: the case of US hotels, restaurants, and amusement and recreation," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 12(3), pages 483-503, September.
    5. Söhnke M. Bartram & Jürgen Branke & Mehrshad Motahari, 2020. "Artificial intelligence in asset management," Working Papers 20202001, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
    6. Borchert, Philipp & Coussement, Kristof & De Caigny, Arno & De Weerdt, Jochen, 2023. "Extending business failure prediction models with textual website content using deep learning," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 306(1), pages 348-357.
    7. Zhiyong Li & Chen Feng & Ying Tang, 2022. "Bank efficiency and failure prediction: a nonparametric and dynamic model based on data envelopment analysis," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 315(1), pages 279-315, August.
    8. Citterio, Alberto, 2024. "Bank failure prediction models: Review and outlook," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    9. Francesco Ciampi & Valentina Cillo & Fabio Fiano, 2020. "Combining Kohonen maps and prior payment behavior for small enterprise default prediction," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1007-1039, April.
    10. Ben Jabeur, Sami & Serret, Vanessa, 2023. "Bankruptcy prediction using fuzzy convolutional neural networks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    11. Davalos, Sergio & Gritta, Richard D. & Adrangi, Bahram, 2007. "Deriving Rules for Forecasting Air Carrier Financial Stress and Insolvency: A Genetic Algorithm Approach," Journal of the Transportation Research Forum, Transportation Research Forum, vol. 46(2).
    12. José Willer Prado & Valderí Castro Alcântara & Francisval Melo Carvalho & Kelly Carvalho Vieira & Luiz Kennedy Cruz Machado & Dany Flávio Tonelli, 2016. "Multivariate analysis of credit risk and bankruptcy research data: a bibliometric study involving different knowledge fields (1968–2014)," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 106(3), pages 1007-1029, March.
    13. Kim, Soo Y. & Upneja, Arun, 2014. "Predicting restaurant financial distress using decision tree and AdaBoosted decision tree models," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 354-362.
    14. Leila Bateni & Farshid Asghari, 2020. "Bankruptcy Prediction Using Logit and Genetic Algorithm Models: A Comparative Analysis," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 55(1), pages 335-348, January.
    15. Zhou, Fanyin & Fu, Lijun & Li, Zhiyong & Xu, Jiawei, 2022. "The recurrence of financial distress: A survival analysis," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 1100-1115.
    16. Le, Hong Hanh & Viviani, Jean-Laurent, 2018. "Predicting bank failure: An improvement by implementing a machine-learning approach to classical financial ratios," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 16-25.
    17. Carlos Serrano-Cinca & Yolanda Fuertes-Call鮠 & Bego uti鲲ez-Nieto & Beatriz Cuellar-Fernᮤez, 2014. "Path modelling to bankruptcy: causes and symptoms of the banking crisis," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(31), pages 3798-3811, November.
    18. Chiang, W. -C. & Urban, T. L. & Baldridge, G. W., 1996. "A neural network approach to mutual fund net asset value forecasting," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 205-215, April.
    19. Jones, Stewart & Johnstone, David & Wilson, Roy, 2015. "An empirical evaluation of the performance of binary classifiers in the prediction of credit ratings changes," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 72-85.
    20. repec:zbw:bofrdp:2009_035 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Callen, Jeffrey L. & Kwan, Clarence C. Y. & Yip, Patrick C. Y. & Yuan, Yufei, 1996. "Neural network forecasting of quarterly accounting earnings," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 475-482, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    fracaso empresarial; Deep Learning; aprendizaje automático; ratios financieros; modelo de predicción; business failure; Deep Learning; machine learning; financial ratios; prediction model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pab:rmcpee:v:32:y:2021:i:1:p:392-414. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Publicación Digital - UPO (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/dmupoes.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.