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Examining the relationship between income inequality, taxation and economic freedom: a panel cointegration approach

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  • Achillefs Karakotsios
  • Constantinos Katrakilidis
  • Dimitrios Dimitriadis
  • Theodoros Christoforidis

Abstract

Income inequality has become an important challenge for both developed and developing countries. Taxation and economic freedom are considered as important factors affecting income inequality. This paper aims at the empirical investigation of the causal relationships between income inequality, taxation and economic freedom by applying panel cointegration techniques and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation method on a panel of 58 countries, over the period 1995–2016. The empirical evidence supports a bidirectional long-run causal effect between taxes-to-GDP ratio and income inequality with tax-to-GDP ratio to cause negative impacts on income inequality and thus revealing the redistributive role of taxes. Furthermore, we find a positive effect from economic freedom on income inequality, suggesting a trade-off between economic freedom and income equality.

Suggested Citation

  • Achillefs Karakotsios & Constantinos Katrakilidis & Dimitrios Dimitriadis & Theodoros Christoforidis, 2020. "Examining the relationship between income inequality, taxation and economic freedom: a panel cointegration approach," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 9(3), pages 206-215.
    • Handle: RePEc:ove:journl:aid:14500
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    2. Zabsonre Zacharia & Boukary Ouedraogo, 2023. "Influence of tax structures on income inequality in WAEMU countries [Influences des structures fiscales sur l'inégalité de revenus dans les pays de l'UEMOA]," Post-Print hal-04188709, HAL.
    3. Szczepaniak, Małgorzata & Geise, Andrzej & Bariyah, Nurul, 2022. "Impact of institutional determinants on income inequalities in Indonesia during the Era Reformasi," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    4. Oscar Claveria, 2024. "Redistribution and human development: evidence from Europe," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 13(2), pages 68-81.
    5. Claudia Suárez‐Arbesú & Nicholas Apergis & Francisco J. Delgado, 2023. "Club convergence and factors of income inequality in the European Union," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(4), pages 3654-3666, October.

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