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Public entrepreneur: the trajectory of United States science, technology and industrial policy

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  • Henry Etzkowitz
  • Magnus Gulbrandsen

Abstract

Because of ideological resistance, the USA often pursues industrial policy by indirect means. There are continuing conflicts over the appropriate role of government, industry and academia in innovation: an indirect and decentralized industrial policy may be more effective than traditional direct approaches, since it is better able to take regional differences into account. A new institutional configuration is emerging in which government, industry and academia together target technical problems to open up new technological and economic vistas, eventually creating new companies, industries and jobs. A common collaboration format brings representatives of different institutional spheres together in a bottom-up planning process. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.

Suggested Citation

  • Henry Etzkowitz & Magnus Gulbrandsen, 1999. "Public entrepreneur: the trajectory of United States science, technology and industrial policy," Science and Public Policy, Oxford University Press, vol. 26(1), pages 53-62, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:scippl:v:26:y:1999:i:1:p:53-62
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.3152/147154399781782590
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    Cited by:

    1. Ben R. Martin, 2016. "Twenty challenges for innovation studies," Science and Public Policy, Oxford University Press, vol. 43(3), pages 432-450.
    2. Heather Lovell, 2009. "The Role of Individuals in Policy Change: The Case of UK Low-Energy Housing," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 27(3), pages 491-511, June.
    3. Maria João Camelo de Barros, 2011. "Decentralization of public policies for the promotion of firms’ internationalization. A proposal," Economics and Management Research Projects: An International Journal, Open Access International Journals, vol. 1(1), pages 66-78, December.
    4. Van Looy, Bart & Ranga, Marina & Callaert, Julie & Debackere, Koenraad & Zimmermann, Edwin, 2004. "Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia: towards a compounded and reciprocal Matthew-effect?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 425-441, April.

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