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Why Do Firms Hold Cash? Evidence from Demographic Demand Shifts

Author

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  • Igor Cunha
  • Joshua Pollet
  • David Denis

Abstract

We exploit variation in demand induced by demographics to provide causal evidence of the precautionary motive of cash holdings. We show that firms significantly increase their cash levels in response to exogenous increases in investment opportunities. We also provide novel evidence of the dynamics of accumulation and use of cash. Financially constrained firms build their cash reserves using internal sources. Consequently, they start saving earlier and keep high cash levels longer. Unconstrained firms rely on external financing to both invest and build cash reserves, requiring them to save less and allowing them to incur lower costs of carry.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Suggested Citation

  • Igor Cunha & Joshua Pollet & David Denis, 2020. "Why Do Firms Hold Cash? Evidence from Demographic Demand Shifts," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(9), pages 4102-4138.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:33:y:2020:i:9:p:4102-4138.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rfs/hhz124
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    Cited by:

    1. Lei Zhang & Kiridaran Kanagaretnam & Jing Gao, 2024. "Climate Change Social Norms and Corporate Cash Holdings," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 190(3), pages 661-683, March.
    2. Gabriel, Ricardo Duque, 2024. "The Credit Channel of Public Procurement," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(S).
    3. Hong, Liu & Liu, Shiang, 2023. "Geographic diversification and corporate cash holdings," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 381-409.
    4. Favara, Giovanni & Gao, Janet & Giannetti, Mariassunta, 2021. "Uncertainty, access to debt, and firm precautionary behavior," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(2), pages 436-453.
    5. Muhammad Nurul Houqe & Reza M. Monem & Tony van Zijl, 2023. "Business strategy, cash holdings, and dividend payouts," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(4), pages 3999-4035, December.
    6. Andreas Joseph & Christiane Kneer & Neeltje van Horen, 2021. "All You Need Is Cash: Corporate Cash Holdings and Investment after the Global Financial Crisis," CESifo Working Paper Series 9053, CESifo.
    7. Gonenc, Halit & Polten, Marc-Oliver & Westerman, Wim, 2022. "U.S., Anglo-Saxon European, and non-Anglo-Saxon European cash holdings around the financial crisis," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    8. Aviner Augusto Silva Manoel & Marcelo Botelho da Costa Moraes & Juliano Augusto Orsi de Araujo, 2024. "The effects of financial constraints on the market value of cash in a mandatory dividend context," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(1), pages 1012-1041, January.
    9. Sven Klingler & Olav Syrstad, 2021. "Disclosing the Undisclosed: Commercial Paper As Hidden Liquidity Suffers," Working Paper 2021/16, Norges Bank.
    10. Jessie Jiaxu Wang, 2023. "Workplace Automation and Corporate Liquidity Policy," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2023-023, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    11. Gao, Haoyu & Wen, Huiyu & Wang, Xingjian, 2022. "Pandemic effect on corporate financial asset holdings: Precautionary or return-chasing?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    12. Kim, Hyeong Joon & Han, Seung Hun & Mun, Seongjae, 2022. "Analyzing the effects of terrorist attacks on the value of cash holdings," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    13. Chunfang Cao & Wenxuan Hou & Xiumei Liu & Hongbo Pan, 2023. "Do Excess Funds Make Financially Constrained Firms Better Off? Evidence from IPOs in China," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 59(3), pages 818-846, September.
    14. Sun, Wenyi & Yin, Chao & Zeng, Yeqin, 2023. "Precautionary motive or private benefit motive for holding cash: Evidence from CEO ownership," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    15. Lin, Xiaowei & Li, Ao & Zhang, Pengdong & Chen, Wenchuan, 2023. "The disciplinary role of product market competition on cash holding," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 653-671.
    16. Ryosuke Fujitani & Masazumi Hattori & Tomohide Mineyama, 2024. "Passive and Proactive Motivations of Cash Holdings," Working Papers e200, Tokyo Center for Economic Research.

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