IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/oup/rfinst/v26y2013i5p1146-1189.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Book-to-Market Equity, Financial Leverage, and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns

Author

Listed:
  • Iulian Obreja

Abstract

I propose a new dynamic model of the firm that links operating leverage to both value premium and book-leverage premium in stock returns. Value firms are low-productivity firms with either high operating leverage or high financial leverage. Firms with high operating leverage maintain low book leverage ratios. When operating leverage is economically significant, both value firms and low book-leverage firms can have high equity risk premiums. In particular, value premium becomes positive while book-leverage premium becomes negative. Without operating leverage, the signs of these premiums are reversed. The model captures quantitatively several important properties of the cross-section of stock returns. The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com., Oxford University Press.

Suggested Citation

  • Iulian Obreja, 2013. "Book-to-Market Equity, Financial Leverage, and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 26(5), pages 1146-1189.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:26:y:2013:i:5:p:1146-1189
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rfs/hhs180
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Eero Pätäri & Timo Leivo, 2017. "A Closer Look At Value Premium: Literature Review And Synthesis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(1), pages 79-168, February.
    2. Venmans, Frank, 2021. "The leverage anomaly in U.S. bank stock returns," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    3. Hafiz Muhammad Zia ul haq & Muhammad Sohail Shafiq & Muhammad Kashif & Saba Ameer, 2020. "Determining Force behind Value Premium: The Case of Financial Leverage and Operating Leverage," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-15, September.
    4. Stephen H. Penman & Francesco Reggiani & Scott A. Richardson & İrem Tuna, 2018. "A framework for identifying accounting characteristics for asset pricing models, with an evaluation of book‐to‐price," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 24(4), pages 488-520, September.
    5. Boubaker, Sabri & Hamza, Taher & Vidal-García, Javier, 2018. "Financial distress and equity returns: A leverage-augmented three-factor model," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 1-15.
    6. Cao, Viet Nga, 2015. "What explains the value premium? The case of adjustment costs, operating leverage and financial leverage," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 350-366.
    7. Andrea Gamba & Alessio Saretto, 2020. "Growth Options and Credit Risk," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(9), pages 4269-4291, September.
    8. Filippo Ippolito & Alessandro Villa, 2022. "Levered Returns and Capital Structure Imbalances," Working Paper Series WP 2022-42, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    9. Muhammad Adnan Arshad & Saira Munir & Bashir Ahmad & Muhammad Waseem, 2019. "Do factors matter for predicting high-risk stock returns? Comparison of single-, three- and five-factor CAPM," International Journal of Financial Engineering (IJFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 6(02), pages 1-16, June.
    10. Fukuta, Yuichi & Yamane, Akiko, 2015. "Value premium and implied equity duration in the Japanese stock market," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 102-121.
    11. Zhiyao Chen & Ilya A. Strebulaev & Yuhang Xing & Xiaoyan Zhang, 2021. "Strategic Risk Shifting and the Idiosyncratic Volatility Puzzle: An Empirical Investigation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(5), pages 2751-2772, May.
    12. David Yechiam Aharon & Yossi Yagil, 2019. "The Impact of Financial Leverage on the Cost of Equity," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 9(2), pages 175-188.
    13. Huang, Yin-Siang & Lee, Cheng-Few & Lin, Chih-Yung, 2023. "Applications of fixed effect models to managerial risk-taking incentives," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 249-261.
    14. Rath, Subhrendu & Durand, Robert B., 2015. "Decomposing the size, value and momentum premia of the Fama–French–Carhart four-factor model," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 139-141.
    15. Dirk Hackbarth & Timothy Johnson, 2015. "Real Options and Risk Dynamics," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 82(4), pages 1449-1482.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:26:y:2013:i:5:p:1146-1189. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Oxford University Press (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/sfsssea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.