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Habit Formation, Incomplete Markets, and the Significance of Regional Risk for Expected Returns

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  • George M. Korniotis

Abstract

This paper introduces a consumption-based capital asset pricing model (CCAPM) that combines undiversifiable income shocks and external habit formation. Using US state-level data, the paper provides realistic estimates for preference parameters when the external habit of the state investors is based on the consumption of the four Census regions. The model also implies four asset pricing factors: the cross-sectional means of consumption growth and habit growth (capturing national systematic risk) and the cross-sectional variances of consumption growth and habit growth (capturing regional systematic risk). This four-factor model has greater power in explaining expected returns than the CCAPM described in Breeden (1979). , Oxford University Press.

Suggested Citation

  • George M. Korniotis, 2008. "Habit Formation, Incomplete Markets, and the Significance of Regional Risk for Expected Returns," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 21(5), pages 2139-2172, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:21:y:2008:i:5:p:2139-2172
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel Paravisini & Veronica Rappoport & Enrichetta Ravina, 2017. "Risk Aversion and Wealth: Evidence from Person-to-Person Lending Portfolios," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(2), pages 279-297, February.
    2. Smajlbegovic, Esad, 2019. "Regional Economic Activity and Stock Returns," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 54(3), pages 1051-1082, June.
    3. Jacobs, Kris & Pallage, Stéphane & Robe, Michel A., 2013. "Market incompleteness and the equity premium puzzle: Evidence from state-level data," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 378-388.
    4. Jannati, Sima & Korniotis, George & Kumar, Alok, 2020. "Big fish in a small pond: Locally dominant firms and the business cycle," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 219-240.
    5. Olivier Ledoit & Michael Wolf, 2019. "Quadratic shrinkage for large covariance matrices," ECON - Working Papers 335, Department of Economics - University of Zurich, revised Dec 2020.
    6. Chongyu Wang & Jeffrey P. Cohen & John L. Glascock, 2019. "Geographic Proximity and Competition for Scarce Capital: Evidence from U.S. REITs," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 22(4), pages 535-570.
    7. Da, Zhi & Warachka, Mitch & Yun, Hayong, 2015. "Lottery tax windfalls, state-level fiscal policy, and consumption," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 9-12.
    8. Wonnho Choi, 2018. "Consumption-based capital asset pricing models: issues and controversies," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 50(1), pages 181-205, January.
    9. George M. Korniotis & Alok Kumar, 2008. "Do behavioral biases adversely affect the macro-economy?," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2008-49, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    10. Olivier Ledoit & Michael Wolf, 2019. "The power of (non-)linear shrinking: a review and guide to covariance matrix estimation," ECON - Working Papers 323, Department of Economics - University of Zurich, revised Feb 2020.
    11. Ding, Xiaoya (Sara) & Ni, Yang & Rahman, Abdul & Saadi, Samir, 2015. "Housing price growth and the cost of equity capital," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 283-300.
    12. Goswami, Gautam & Tan, Sinan & Waisman, Maya, 2014. "Understanding the cross-section of the U.S. housing bubble: The roles of lending, transaction costs, and rent growth," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 15(C), pages 76-90.
    13. DragoÈ™ Mihai UNGUREANU & Elena-Doina DASCALU, 2015. "Tax Lottery Receipts in Romania, a Different Approach to Fight against Tax Evasion," International Conference on Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Spiru Haret University, vol. 2(1), pages 267-275, December.
    14. George M. Korniotis & Alok Kumar & Jeremy K. Page, 2020. "Investor sophistication and asset prices," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(4), pages 557-579, October.
    15. Vidhi Chhaochharia & George M. Korniotis & Alok Kumar, 2020. "Prozac for depressed states? Effect of mood on local economic recessions," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(2), pages 245-274, April.
    16. Zhao, Yang & Yao, Yuan & Wang, Mingtao, 2024. "Risk-free rate puzzle: An explanation of the heterogeneity of consumer risk attitudes under China's income gap," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PB), pages 940-960.
    17. Dragos Mihai UNGUREANU & Elena-Doina DASCALU, 2015. "Improving VAT Compliance in Romania by Implementing a New Tool - Tax Lottery Receipts," Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, Alliance of Central-Eastern European Universities, vol. 4(4), pages 47-57, December.
    18. Park, Dojoon & Kang, Yong Joo & Eom, Young Ho, 2024. "Asset pricing tests for pandemic risk," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PA), pages 1314-1334.

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