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Consumer Demand and Equilibrium Unemployment in a Working Model of the Customer-Market Incentive-Wage Economy

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  • Edmund S. Phelps

Abstract

Though not conceived as a constant, the natural unemployment rate was taken to be invariant to supply shocks until the late seventies and to real demand shocks until now. The largely micro-theoretic model here is one in a series deriving the natural rate path from general equilibrium. In this model the labor market exhibits generalized real-wage rigidity, resulting from the use of "incentive wages" to combat shirking, and the asset backing shares is the firms' customers, arising from customer-market friction. One finding is that increased consumer demand drives up the natural rate by driving real interest rates up.

Suggested Citation

  • Edmund S. Phelps, 1992. "Consumer Demand and Equilibrium Unemployment in a Working Model of the Customer-Market Incentive-Wage Economy," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 107(3), pages 1003-1032.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:qjecon:v:107:y:1992:i:3:p:1003-1032.
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    Cited by:

    1. Edmund S. Phelps, 2008. "Macroeconomics for a Modern Economy," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 52(1), pages 3-22, March.
    2. Hoon, Hian Teck & Phelps, Edmund S., 2008. "Future fiscal and budgetary shocks," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 143(1), pages 499-518, November.
    3. Ruben Bibas & C. Cassen & Renaud Crassous & Céline Guivarch & Meriem Hamdi-Cherif & Jean Charles Hourcade & Florian Leblanc & Aurélie Méjean & Eoin Ó Broin & Julie Rozenberg & Olivier Sassi & Adrien V, 2022. "IMpact Assessment of CLIMate policies with IMACLIM-R 1.1. Model documentation version 1.1," Working Papers hal-03702627, HAL.
    4. Olivier Blanchard, 2007. "A Review of Richard Layard, Stephen Nickell, and Richard Jackman's Unemployment: Macroeconomic Performance and the Labour Market," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 45(2), pages 410-418, June.
    5. Jan J. Rutkowski & Stefano Scarpetta, 2005. "Enhancing Job Opportunities : Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7408.
    6. Alan A. Carruth & Mark A. Hooker & Andrew J. Oswald, 1998. "Unemployment Equilibria And Input Prices: Theory And Evidence From The United States," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 80(4), pages 621-628, November.
    7. Céline Guivarch & Renaud Crassous & Olivier Sassi & Stéphane Hallegatte, 2011. "The costs of climate policies in a second-best world with labour market imperfections," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 768-788, January.
    8. Céline Guivarch & Renaud Crassous & Olivier Sassi & Stéphane Hallegatte, 2009. "The costs of climate policies in a second best world with labour market," CIRED Working Papers hal-00866429, HAL.
    9. Chadha, Bankim & Coricelli, Fabrizio, 1997. "Fiscal constraints and the speed of transition," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 221-249, February.
    10. Hian Teck Hoon & Margarita Katsimi & Gylfi Zoega, 2023. "Investment and the long swings of unemployment," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(3), pages 611-632, July.
    11. Hian Teck Hoon & Margarita Katsimi & Gylfi Zoega, 2018. "Investment, Current Account, and the Long Swings of Unemployment," Birkbeck Working Papers in Economics and Finance 1810, Birkbeck, Department of Economics, Mathematics & Statistics.
    12. Edmund S. Phelps, 2010. "Makroekonomia dla nowoczesnej gospodarki," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 3, pages 79-109.
    13. Howard R. Vane & Chris Mulhearn, 2010. "Wywiad z Edmundem S. Phelpsem," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 1-2, pages 1-18.
    14. Howard R. Vane & Chris Mulhearn, 2009. "Interview with Edmund S. Phelps," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 23(3), pages 109-124, Summer.
    15. Blanchflower, David G & Oswald, Andrew J, 1994. "Estimating a Wage Curve for Britain: 1973-90," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 104(426), pages 1025-1043, September.
    16. Carlos Borondo, 1994. "La rigidez nominal de los precios de la Nueva Economía Keynesiana: una panorámica," Investigaciones Economicas, Fundación SEPI, vol. 18(2), pages 245-288, May.
    17. David G. Blanchflower & Andrew J. Oswald, 1995. "An Introduction to the Wage Curve," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 9(3), pages 153-167, Summer.
    18. Pant, Hom & Warr, Peter, 2016. "Modelling Involuntary Unemployment in Applied GE Models," Conference papers 332799, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    19. Junankar, Pramod N. (Raja) & Madsen, Jakob B., 2004. "Unemployment in the OECD: Models and Mysteries," IZA Discussion Papers 1168, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    20. Víctor M. Montuenga‐Gómez & José M. Ramos‐Parreño, 2005. "Reconciling the Wage Curve and the Phillips Curve," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 19(5), pages 735-765, December.
    21. Stadler, Manfred, 1996. "Elemente und Funktionsweise des strukturalistischen Ansatzes zur Erklärung der Arbeitslosigkeit," Tübinger Diskussionsbeiträge 65, University of Tübingen, School of Business and Economics.

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