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Double Disadvantage in the Process of Disablement: Race as a Moderator in the Association Between Chronic Conditions and Functional Limitations

Author

Listed:
  • Ben Lennox Kail
  • Miles G Taylor
  • Nick Rogers
  • Jessica Kelley

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study evaluated (a) whether the association between chronic conditions and functional limitations vary by race/ethnicity, and (b) whether socioeconomic status accounted for any observed racial variation in the association between chronic conditions and functional limitations.MethodThe Health and Retirement Study data were used to assess whether race/ethnicity moderated the association between chronic conditions and functional limitations, and whether education, income, and/or wealth mediated any of the observed moderation by race/ethnicity.ResultsResults from structural equation models of latent growth curves with random onset indicated that (a) the positive association between chronic conditions and functional limitations onset was larger for African Americans and Hispanics than it was for Whites, but (b) this difference largely persisted net of socioeconomic status.DiscussionAfrican Americans and Hispanics endure a multiplicative double disadvantage in the early stages of the disablement process where they experience (a) a more rapid onset and higher levels of functional limitations, and (b) greater risk of functional limitation onset associated with chronic conditions compared to their White counterparts. Moreover, basic economic policies are unlikely to curtail the greater risk of functional limitations onset associated with chronic conditions encountered by African Americans and Hispanics.

Suggested Citation

  • Ben Lennox Kail & Miles G Taylor & Nick Rogers & Jessica Kelley, 2020. "Double Disadvantage in the Process of Disablement: Race as a Moderator in the Association Between Chronic Conditions and Functional Limitations," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 75(2), pages 448-458.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:geronb:v:75:y:2020:i:2:p:448-458.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/geronb/gby027
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    Cited by:

    1. Richard W. Johnson, 2021. "Policy Options to Reduce the Black‐White Gap in Retirement Security," Journal of Elder Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 1(2), pages 83-112, March.
    2. Andrasfay, Theresa & Goldman, Noreen, 2020. "Physical functioning and survival: Is the link weaker among Latino and black older adults?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).

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