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The agricultural impacts of armed conflicts: the case of Fulani militia

Author

Listed:
  • Justin George
  • Adesoji Adelaja
  • Titus O Awokuse

Abstract

Fulani ethnic militia (FEM) violence has increased significantly in recent years, making it one of the most lethal groups in the world. However, empirical evidence on the impacts of FEM on agriculture is scarce. We investigate the agricultural impacts of such violence in the case of Nigeria using a nationally representative panel dataset and armed conflict data. We find that increased FEM violence reduces agricultural output, outputs of specific staple crops and area harvested. FEM violence also reduces farmers’ cattle holdings by increasing cattle thefts and losses and reducing purchased cattle. The agricultural development implications of the FEM cannot be ignored.

Suggested Citation

  • Justin George & Adesoji Adelaja & Titus O Awokuse, 2021. "The agricultural impacts of armed conflicts: the case of Fulani militia," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 48(3), pages 538-572.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:erevae:v:48:y:2021:i:3:p:538-572.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/erae/jbaa022
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Uchenna, Efobi & Joseph, Ajefu, 2024. "Exploring the Spillover Effects of Internally Displaced Settlements on the Wellbeing of Children of the Locales," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1381, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    2. Paola Vesco & Ghassan Baliki & Tilman Brück & Debarati Guha-Sapir & Jonathan Hall & Stefan Döring & Anneli Eriksson & Hanne Fjelde & Carl Henrik Knutsen & Maxine R. Leis & Hannes Mueller & Christopher, 2024. "The impacts of armed conflict on human development: a review of the literature," HiCN Working Papers 414, Households in Conflict Network.
    3. Enock Siankwilimba & Chisoni Mumba & Bernard Mudenda Hang’ombe & Joshua Munkombwe & Jacqueline Hiddlestone-Mumford & Munyaradzi A. Dzvimbo & Md Enamul Hoque, 2024. "Bioecosystems towards sustainable agricultural extension delivery: effects of various factors," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(9), pages 21801-21843, September.
    4. Béné, Christophe & d'Hôtel, Elodie Maître & Pelloquin, Raphaël & Badaoui, Outman & Garba, Faroukou & Sankima, Jocelyne W., 2024. "Resilience – and collapse – of local food systems in conflict affected areas; reflections from Burkina Faso," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    5. Fadare, Olusegun & Zanello, Giacomo & Srinivasan, Chittur, 2022. "The joint effects of terrorism and land access on livestock production decisions: Evidence from northern Nigeria," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 27(C).
    6. Fadare, Olusegun & Zanello, Giacomo & Srinivasan, Chittur, 2023. "Stressor or succour? Examining the association between conflict, livestock assets, and farmers’ mental health in Nigeria," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    7. Edeh, Hyacinth O. & Mavrotas, George & Balana, Bedru B., 2022. "Land tenure security and preferences to dispute resolution pathways among landholders in Nigeria," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    8. Fadare, Olusegun & Srinivasan, Chittur & Zanello, Giacomo, 2024. "Livestock diversification mitigates the impact of farmer-herder conflicts on animal-source foods consumption in Nigeria," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    9. Ajogbeje, Korede & Sylwester, Kevin, 2024. "How conflict affects education: Differences between Boko Haram and Farmer-Herder conflicts in Nigeria," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    10. Wendata A. Kafando & Takeshi Sakurai, 2024. "Armed conflicts and household food insecurity: Effects and mechanisms," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 55(2), pages 313-328, March.
    11. Villacis, Alexis H. & Mayorga, Joaquin & Mishra, Ashok K., 2022. "Experience-based food insecurity and agricultural productivity in Nigeria," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    12. Adesoji Adelaja & Justin George & Louise Fox & Keith Fuglie & Thomas Jayne, 2021. "Shocks, Resilience and Structural Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-22, December.
    13. Okwuwada, Nsirimovu, 2023. "The modern day consequences, causes, and nature of kidnapping, terrorism, banditry, and violent crime in Nigeria: A comprehensive analysis," MPRA Paper 117671, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Ölkers, Tim & Kirchner, Ella & Mußhoff, Oliver, 2023. "Terrorism and land use in agriculture: The case of Boko Haram in Nigeria - a replication attempt of the paper by Adelaja & George (2019)," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    15. Amaka Nnaji & Nazmun Ratna & Alan Renwick & Wanglin Ma, 2023. "Risk perception, farmer−herder conflicts and production decisions: evidence from Nigeria," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 50(2), pages 683-716.
    16. Elodie Maitre d’Hôtel & Chris Béné & Raphaël Pelloquin & Outman Badaoui & Faroukou Gharba & Jocelyne Sankima, 2023. "Resilience of food system actors to armed conflicts: empirical insights from Burkina Faso," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 15(5), pages 1275-1292, October.
    17. Prof. Hyacinth Ichoku & Dr. Ihuoma Anthony & Dr. Tosin Olushola & Apinran Martins, 2023. "Analyzing the Evolving Relationships among Climate Change, Insecurity, and Food Price Inflation in Nigeria: NARDL Approach," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(11), pages 100-124, November.
    18. Aysegül Kayaoglu & Ghassan Baliki & Tilman Brück, 2023. "Conducting (Long-term) Impact Evaluations in Humanitarian and Conflict Settings: Evidence from a complex agricultural intervention in Syria," HiCN Working Papers 386, Households in Conflict Network.

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