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Sex differences in the predictability of risk-taking behavior

Author

Listed:
  • Jack A Brand
  • Jason Henry
  • Gabriela C Melo
  • Donald Wlodkowic
  • Bob B M Wong
  • Jake M Martin

Abstract

Recent research has found that individuals often vary in how consistently they express their behavior over time (i.e., behavioral predictability) and suggested that these individual differences may be heritable. However, little is known about the intrinsic factors that drive variation in the predictability of behavior. Indeed, whether variation in behavioral predictability is sex-specific is not clear. This is important, as behavioral predictability has been associated with vulnerability to predation, suggesting that the predictability of behavioral traits may have key fitness implications. We investigated whether male and female eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) differed in the predictability of their risk-taking behavior. Specifically, over a total of 954 behavioral trials, we repeatedly measured risk-taking behavior with three commonly used assays—refuge-use, thigmotaxis, and foraging latency. We predicted that there would be consistent sex differences in both mean-level risk-taking behavior and behavioral predictability across the assays. We found that risk-taking behavior was repeatable within each assay, and that some individuals were consistently bolder than others across all three assays. There were also consistent sex differences in mean-level risk-taking behavior, with males being bolder across all three assays compared to females. In contrast, both the magnitude and direction of sex differences in behavioral predictability were assay-specific. Taken together, these results highlight that behavioral predictability may be independent from underlying mean-level behavioral traits and suggest that males and females may differentially adjust the consistency of their risk-taking behavior in response to subtle changes in environmental conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Jack A Brand & Jason Henry & Gabriela C Melo & Donald Wlodkowic & Bob B M Wong & Jake M Martin, 2023. "Sex differences in the predictability of risk-taking behavior," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 34(1), pages 108-116.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:beheco:v:34:y:2023:i:1:p:108-116.
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Katherine A. Jones & Andrew L. Jackson & Graeme D. Ruxton, 2011. "Prey jitters; protean behaviour in grouped prey," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 22(4), pages 831-836.
    2. Jack A Brand & Annalise C Naimo & Marcus Michelangeli & Jake M Martin & Andrew Sih & Bob B M Wong & David G Chapple, 2021. "Population differences in the effect of context on personality in an invasive lizard," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 32(6), pages 1363-1371.
    3. Brian R. Smith & Daniel T. Blumstein, 2010. "Behavioral types as predictors of survival in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata)," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 21(5), pages 919-926.
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