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Determinants of Farm Family Income Inequality

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  • Bruce L. Gardner

Abstract

Income inequality is classified as "long run" when due to the distribution of resource ownership and "short run" when due to transitory disturbances or variations in returns to comparable resources. Owing to deficiencies of census size distributions of income, data pertaining to the distribution of human and non-human resources are used to estimate long-run inequality for each state. A cross-sectional regression analysis of state differences in inequality and changes from 1949 to 1959 yields the following results: (1) labor market adjustments have been influential in reducing short-run but not necessarily long-run inequality; and (2) increases in the capital-labor ratio, the average level of schooling, and research and extension are all associated with increasing dispersion of farm incomes, though also with increasing average incomes of farmers.

Suggested Citation

  • Bruce L. Gardner, 1969. "Determinants of Farm Family Income Inequality," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 51(4), pages 753-769.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:51:y:1969:i:4:p:753-769.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2307/1237772
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Severini, Simone & Tantari, Antonella, 2013. "The effect of the EU farm payments policy and its recent reform on farm income inequality," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 212-227.
    2. Sahrbacher, Amanda, 2012. "Impacts of CAP reforms on farm structures and performance disparities: An agent-based approach," Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), volume 65, number 65, September.
    3. Emerson, Robert D. & Blair, Benjamin F., 1989. "The Personal Distribution Of Income In U.S. Agriculture," 1989 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 2, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 270467, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    4. Severini, Simone & Tantari, A., 2012. "How direct payments and their reform have affected farm income inequality in Italy?," 2012 First Congress, June 4-5, 2012, Trento, Italy 124099, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA).
    5. Bożena Kusz & Dariusz Kusz & Iwona Bąk & Maciej Oesterreich & Ludwik Wicki & Grzegorz Zimon, 2022. "Selected Economic Determinants of Labor Profitability in Family Farms in Poland in Relation to Economic Size," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-25, October.
    6. Mishra, Ashok & El-Osta, Hisham & Gillespie, Jeffrey M., 2009. "Effect of agricultural policy on regional income inequality among farm households," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 325-340, May.
    7. Schorr, A. & Lips, M., 2018. "Influence of milk yield on profitability a quantile regression analysis," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277000, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    8. Nitta, Atomu & Yamamoto, Yasutaka & Kondo, Katsunobu & Sawauchi, Daisuke, 2020. "Direct payments to Japanese farmers: Do they reduce rice income inequality? Lessons for other Asian countries," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 42(5), pages 968-981.
    9. Thomas W. Hertel & Roman Keeney & Maros Ivanic & L. Alan Winters, 2007. "Distributional effects of WTO agricultural reforms in rich and poor countries [‘Elasticities of substitution and factor supply in Canadian, Mexican, and US agriculture’]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 22(50), pages 290-337.
    10. Klaus Mittenzwei & Helge Berglann & Øyvind Hoveid & Alan Matthews & Hugo Storm, 2024. "Decomposing household income differences between farmers and non‐farmers: Empirical evidence from Norway," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(2), pages 672-687, June.
    11. J.f. Sneessens, 1978. "L'évolution de la dispersion des revenus dans la région limoneuse belge," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 125(1), pages 46-54.
    12. Biggs, Brian & Murray, Paul & Dubman, Robert W. & Erickson, Kenneth W. & Korb, Penelope J., 2004. "Recent Changes in Farm Structure: A Canada-U.S. Comparison," CAFRI: Current Agriculture, Food and Resource Issues, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society, issue 5, pages 1-13, May.
    13. Ryszard Kata & Małgorzata Wosiek, 2020. "Inequality of Income in Agricultural Holdings in Poland in the Context of Sustainable Agricultural Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-16, June.
    14. Severini, Simone & Tantari, Antonella, 2014. "The contribution of different off-farm income sources and government payments to regional income inequality among farm households in Italy," Bio-based and Applied Economics Journal, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA), vol. 3(2), pages 1-17, August.
    15. Severini, Simone & Tantari, Antonella, 2015. "The distributional impact of agricultural policy tools on Italian farm household incomes," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 124-135.

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