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Spillover Effects of Tobacco Farms on the Labor Supply, Education, and Health of Children: Evidence from Malawi

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  • Fang Xia
  • Klaus Deininger

Abstract

Using data from the Living Standards Measurement Study in Malawi, we examine the spillover effects of tobacco farms on children’s labor supply, education, and health. To address potential endogeneity, the share of tobacco farms in a community is instrumented by the change in tobacco buyers following termination of the intermediate buyer system. We find that, as tobacco cultivation is labor-intensive, children in communities with more tobacco growers spend more time as casual laborers and are less likely to advance to the next grade. Adverse health effects, measured by the likelihood of suffering from illnesses related to green tobacco sickness, are estimated to be larger than previously documented. This affects not only “working-age” children but also children too young to work on tobacco farms. Moreover, exposure to large-scale tobacco cultivation is estimated to reduce the height-for-age z-score of children aged 6–60 months. These findings highlight the importance of raising awareness and taking measures to protect children against green tobacco.

Suggested Citation

  • Fang Xia & Klaus Deininger, 2019. "Spillover Effects of Tobacco Farms on the Labor Supply, Education, and Health of Children: Evidence from Malawi," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 101(4), pages 1181-1202.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:101:y:2019:i:4:p:1181-1202.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/ajae/aaz011
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Lenis Saweda O. Liverpool‐Tasie & Ahmed Salim Nuhu & Titus Awokuse & Thomas Jayne & Milu Muyanga & Adebayo Aromolaran & Adesoji Adelaja, 2023. "Can medium‐scale farms support smallholder commercialisation and improve welfare? Evidence from Nigeria," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 74(1), pages 48-74, February.
    2. Ali, Daniel Ayalew & Deininger, Klaus, 2021. "Does title increase large farm productivity? Institutional determinants of large land-based investments' performance in Zambia," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315328, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    3. Ali, Daniel Ayalew & Deininger, Klaus, 2022. "Institutional determinants of large land-based investments’ performance in Zambia: Does title enhance productivity and structural transformation?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    4. Raymond Boadi Frempong, 2023. "Do subsidies on seed and fertilizer lead to child labour? Evidence from Malawi," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 41(2), March.
    5. de Janvry, Alain & Duquennois, Claire & Sadoulet, Elisabeth, 2022. "Labor calendars and rural poverty: A case study for Malawi," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    6. Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda & Nuhu, Ahmed Salim & Awokuse, Titus O. & Jayne, Thomas S. & Muyanga, Milu & Aromolaran, Adebayo & Adelaja, Adesoji, 2020. "Spillover effects of Medium-Scale Farms on Smallholder Behavior and Welfare: Evidence from Nigeria," 2020 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, Kansas City, Missouri 304606, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.

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