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The use of euro cash as a store of value in CESEE

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People in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe (CESEE) have been using euro cash as a store of value ever since euro banknotes and coins were introduced in 2002. At that time, the euro replaced Austrian schilling, Deutsche mark and US dollar banknotes as a safe asset. To arrive at descriptive results for the use of euro cash in CESEE over the past 20 years, we drew on time series from the OeNB Foreign Currency Survey (1997–2007) and the OeNB Euro Survey (2007–2021). For one thing, we sum up the literature on euroization in CESEE. For another, we update and discuss key indicators of euro cash holdings in the region published in former studies that used OeNB survey data. Holding euro cash as a store of value is still widespread in Albania, Croatia, North Macedonia and Serbia. Survey respondents in Croatia, Romania and Serbia reported the highest median amounts of euro cash. Overall, the relative share of euro cash in total currency in circulation has been on a downtrend in all CESEE countries since 2007–08. However, on the level of individual portfolios, euro cash still plays an important role, in particular for the relatively large group of individuals with small savings in Southeastern Europe. Even among the relatively small group of banked savers in Croatia, Hungary, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, around 40% reported holding more than half of their total savings as cash in 2020–21. Many people in CESEE still prefer to save in cash and in euro. This suggests that the determinants of the demand for euro cash as identified by Stix (2013) and Brown and Stix (2015) are still relevant: a lack of credibility in the long-term stability of the local currency, network effects and a lack of trust in the stability of the banking system. We therefore assume that, also in the foreseeable future, euro cash will continue to play a role as a safe haven asset in CESEE.

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  • Marc Bittner & Thomas Scheiber, 2022. "The use of euro cash as a store of value in CESEE," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q1-Q2/22, pages 121-143.
    • Handle: RePEc:onb:oenbmp:y:2022:i:q1-q2/22:b:6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Helmut Stix, 2001. "Survey Results about Foreign Currency Holdings in Five Central and Eastern European Countries," CESifo Forum, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 2(03), pages 41-48, February.
    2. Lalouette, Laure & Zamora-Pérez, Alejandro & Rusu, Codruta & Bartzsch, Nikolaus & Politronacci, Emmanuelle & Delmas, Martial & Rua, António & Brandi, Marco & Naksi, Martti, 2021. "Foreign demand for euro banknotes," Occasional Paper Series 253, European Central Bank.
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    4. repec:onb:oenbwp:y::i:159:b:1 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Doris Ritzberger-Grünwald & Helmut Stix, 2007. "Are Euro Cash Holdings in Central and Eastern Europe Driven by Experience or Anticipation? Results from an OeNB Survey," Focus on European Economic Integration, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 1, pages 77-100.
    6. Thomas Scheiber & Helmut Stix, 2009. "Euroization in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe – New Evidence On Its Extent and Some Evidence On Its Causes," Working Papers 159, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank).
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    11. Helmut Stix, 2004. "Foreign Currency Demand since 2002 - Evidence from Five Central and Eastern European Countries," CESifo Forum, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 5(04), pages 19-24, December.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    euroization; asset and currency substitution; survey data; CESEE;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money
    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance

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