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Eye Tracking for Visual Marketing

Author

Listed:
  • Wedel, Michel
  • Pieters, Rik

Abstract

We provide the theory of visual attention and eye-movements that serves as a basis for evaluating eye-tracking research and for discussing salient and emerging issues in visual marketing. Motivated from its rising importance in marketing practice and its potential for theoretical contribution, we first review eye-tracking research for visual marketing. Then, we discuss the structure of the eye, the visual brain, eyemovements, and methods for recording and analyzing them. Next, we describe our theory and review eye-tracking applications in marketing based on it. We conclude with an outlook on future theory and method development and recommendations for practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Wedel, Michel & Pieters, Rik, 2008. "Eye Tracking for Visual Marketing," Foundations and Trends(R) in Marketing, now publishers, vol. 1(4), pages 231-320, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:now:fntmkt:1700000011
    DOI: 10.1561/1700000011
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Sridhar, Shrihari & Naik, Prasad A. & Kelkar, Ajay, 2017. "Metrics unreliability and marketing overspending," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 761-779.
    2. Adriana-Emilia ROBU, 2013. "An Assessment Of E-Commerce Websites Through A Mouse Tracking Investigation," Review of Economic and Business Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, issue 12, pages 107-119, June.
    3. Yegoryan, Narine & Guhl, Daniel & Klapper, Daniel, 2018. "Inferring Attribute Non-Attendance Using Eye Tracking in Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis," Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series 111, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition.
    4. Grebitus, Carola & Seitz, Carolin, 2014. "Relationship between attention and choice making," 2014 International Congress, August 26-29, 2014, Ljubljana, Slovenia 182669, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    5. Xie, Yi & Grebitus, Carola & Davis, George C., 2015. "Can the new label make a difference? Comparing consumer attention towards the current versus proposed Nutrition Facts panel," 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 26-28, San Francisco, California 205683, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    6. Nordfält, Jens & Ahlbom, Carl-Philip, 2024. "Utilising eye-tracking data in retailing field research: A practical guide," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 100(1), pages 148-160.
    7. Huddleston, Patricia T. & Behe, Bridget K. & Driesener, Carl & Minahan, S., 2018. "Inside-outside: Using eye-tracking to investigate search-choice processes in the retail environment," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 85-93.
    8. Serhat Peker & Gonca Gokce Menekse Dalveren & Yavuz İnal, 2021. "The Effects of the Content Elements of Online Banner Ads on Visual Attention: Evidence from An-Eye-Tracking Study," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-18, January.
    9. Michel Wedel & Rik Pieters, 2015. "The Buffer Effect: The Role of Color When Advertising Exposures Are Brief and Blurred," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 34(1), pages 134-143, January.
    10. Hayk Khachatryan & Alicia Rihn & Bridget Behe & Charles Hall & Ben Campbell & Jennifer Dennis & Chengyan Yue, 2018. "Visual attention, buying impulsiveness, and consumer behavior," Marketing Letters, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 23-35, March.
    11. Yegoryan, Narine & Guhl, Daniel & Klapper, Daniel, 2020. "Inferring attribute non-attendance using eye tracking in choice-based conjoint analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 290-304.
    12. Jaikumar, Saravana & Sahay, Arvind, 2016. "Effect of Overlapping Price Ranges on Price Perception: Revisiting the Range Theory of Price Perception," IIMA Working Papers WP2016-02-02, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department.
    13. Xuhong Ye & Xixian Peng & Xinwei Wang & Hock-Hai Teo, 2020. "Developing and Testing a Theoretical Path Model of Web Page Impression Formation and Its Consequence," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 31(3), pages 929-949, September.
    14. Ghosh, Tathagata & Sreejesh, S. & Dwivedi, Yogesh K., 2022. "Brand logos versus brand names: A comparison of the memory effects of textual and pictorial brand elements placed in computer games," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 222-235.
    15. Jae weon Yang & Dowoo Kim & Sungwon Jung, 2020. "Using Eye-Tracking Technology to Measure Environmental Factors Affecting Street Robbery Decision-Making in Virtual Environments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-24, September.
    16. repec:cmj:networ:y:2013:i:1:p:131-142 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Adriana-Emilia ROBU, 2013. "Using Eye Tracking To Measure Online Interactivity: A Theoretical Framework," Network Intelligence Studies, Romanian Foundation for Business Intelligence, Editorial Department, issue 1, pages 118-129, July.
    18. Lindström, Annika & Berg, Hanna & Nordfält, Jens & Roggeveen, Anne L. & Grewal, Dhruv, 2016. "Does the presence of a mannequin head change shopping behavior?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(2), pages 517-524.
    19. Michel Wedel & Rik Pieters & Ralf Lans, 2023. "Modeling Eye Movements During Decision Making: A Review," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 88(2), pages 697-729, June.
    20. Grebitus, Carola & Davis, George C., 2017. "Change is good!? Analyzing the relationship between attention and nutrition facts panel modifications," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 119-130.
    21. repec:cmj:networ:y:2013:i:1:p:114-124 is not listed on IDEAS
    22. Yasheng Chen & Johnny Jermias & Tota Panggabean, 2016. "The Role of Visual Attention in the Managerial Judgment of Balanced‐Scorecard Performance Evaluation: Insights from Using an Eye‐Tracking Device," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(1), pages 113-146, March.
    23. Savannah Wei Shi & Michel Wedel & F. G. M. (Rik) Pieters, 2013. "Information Acquisition During Online Decision Making: A Model-Based Exploration Using Eye-Tracking Data," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(5), pages 1009-1026, May.
    24. Majid Zahmati & Seyed Morteza Azimzadeh & Mohammad Saber Sotoodeh & Omid Asgari, 2023. "An eye-tracking study on how the popularity and gender of the endorsers affected the audience’s attention on the advertisement," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 1665-1676, September.
    25. Li, Xi & Shi, Mengze & Wang, Xin (Shane), 2019. "Video mining: Measuring visual information using automatic methods," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 216-231.

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