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Fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect in multilayer graphene

Author

Listed:
  • Zhengguang Lu

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Tonghang Han

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Yuxuan Yao

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Aidan P. Reddy

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Jixiang Yang

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Junseok Seo

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Kenji Watanabe

    (National Institute for Materials Science)

  • Takashi Taniguchi

    (National Institute for Materials Science)

  • Liang Fu

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Long Ju

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

Abstract

The fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect (FQAHE), the analogue of the fractional quantum Hall effect1 at zero magnetic field, is predicted to exist in topological flat bands under spontaneous time-reversal-symmetry breaking2–6. The demonstration of FQAHE could lead to non-Abelian anyons that form the basis of topological quantum computation7–9. So far, FQAHE has been observed only in twisted MoTe2 at a moiré filling factor v > 1/2 (refs. 10–13). Graphene-based moiré superlattices are believed to host FQAHE with the potential advantage of superior material quality and higher electron mobility. Here we report the observation of integer and fractional QAH effects in a rhombohedral pentalayer graphene–hBN moiré superlattice. At zero magnetic field, we observed plateaus of quantized Hall resistance $${R}_{xy}=\frac{h}{v{{\rm{e}}}^{2}}$$ R x y = h v e 2 at v = 1, 2/3, 3/5, 4/7, 4/9, 3/7 and 2/5 of the moiré superlattice, respectively, accompanied by clear dips in the longitudinal resistance Rxx. Rxy equals $$\frac{2h}{{{\rm{e}}}^{2}}$$ 2 h e 2 at v = 1/2 and varies linearly with v, similar to the composite Fermi liquid in the half-filled lowest Landau level at high magnetic fields14–16. By tuning the gate-displacement field D and v, we observed phase transitions from composite Fermi liquid and FQAH states to other correlated electron states. Our system provides an ideal platform for exploring charge fractionalization and (non-Abelian) anyonic braiding at zero magnetic field7–9,17–19, especially considering a lateral junction between FQAHE and superconducting regions in the same device20–22.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhengguang Lu & Tonghang Han & Yuxuan Yao & Aidan P. Reddy & Jixiang Yang & Junseok Seo & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Liang Fu & Long Ju, 2024. "Fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect in multilayer graphene," Nature, Nature, vol. 626(8000), pages 759-764, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:626:y:2024:i:8000:d:10.1038_s41586-023-07010-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-07010-7
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    Cited by:

    1. Wenqiang Zhou & Jing Ding & Jiannan Hua & Le Zhang & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Wei Zhu & Shuigang Xu, 2024. "Layer-polarized ferromagnetism in rhombohedral multilayer graphene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Jing Ding & Hanxiao Xiang & Wenqiang Zhou & Naitian Liu & Qianmei Chen & Xinjie Fang & Kangyu Wang & Linfeng Wu & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Na Xin & Shuigang Xu, 2024. "Engineering band structures of two-dimensional materials with remote moiré ferroelectricity," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Jesse C. Hoke & Yifan Li & Julian May-Mann & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Barry Bradlyn & Taylor L. Hughes & Benjamin E. Feldman, 2024. "Uncovering the spin ordering in magic-angle graphene via edge state equilibration," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.

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