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Lead immobilization for environmentally sustainable perovskite solar cells

Author

Listed:
  • Hui Zhang

    (Nanjing Tech University
    Sungkyunkwan University)

  • Jin-Wook Lee

    (Sungkyunkwan University
    Sungkyunkwan University)

  • Giuseppe Nasti

    (University of Naples Federico II)

  • Richard Handy

    (University of Plymouth)

  • Antonio Abate

    (University of Naples Federico II)

  • Michael Grätzel

    (Sungkyunkwan University
    École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)

  • Nam-Gyu Park

    (Sungkyunkwan University
    Sungkyunkwan University)

Abstract

Lead halide perovskites are promising semiconducting materials for solar energy harvesting. However, the presence of heavy-metal lead ions is problematic when considering potential harmful leakage into the environment from broken cells and also from a public acceptance point of view. Moreover, strict legislation on the use of lead around the world has driven innovation in the development of strategies for recycling end-of-life products by means of environmentally friendly and cost-effective routes. Lead immobilization is a strategy to transform water-soluble lead ions into insoluble, nonbioavailable and nontransportable forms over large pH and temperature ranges and to suppress lead leakage if the devices are damaged. An ideal methodology should ensure sufficient lead-chelating capability without substantially influencing the device performance, production cost and recycling. Here we analyse chemical approaches to immobilize Pb2+ from perovskite solar cells, such as grain isolation, lead complexation, structure integration and adsorption of leaked lead, based on their feasibility to suppress lead leakage to a minimal level. We highlight the need for a standard lead-leakage test and related mathematical model to be established for the reliable evaluation of the potential environmental risk of perovskite optoelectronics.

Suggested Citation

  • Hui Zhang & Jin-Wook Lee & Giuseppe Nasti & Richard Handy & Antonio Abate & Michael Grätzel & Nam-Gyu Park, 2023. "Lead immobilization for environmentally sustainable perovskite solar cells," Nature, Nature, vol. 617(7962), pages 687-695, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:617:y:2023:i:7962:d:10.1038_s41586-023-05938-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05938-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Artem Musiienko & Fengjiu Yang & Thomas William Gries & Chiara Frasca & Dennis Friedrich & Amran Al-Ashouri & Elifnaz Sağlamkaya & Felix Lang & Danny Kojda & Yi-Teng Huang & Valerio Stacchini & Robert, 2024. "Resolving electron and hole transport properties in semiconductor materials by constant light-induced magneto transport," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Ershad Parvazian & Trystan Watson, 2024. "The roll-to-roll revolution to tackle the industrial leap for perovskite solar cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-4, December.
    3. Solhee Lee & Sang-Won Lee & Soohyun Bae & Jae-Keun Hwang & Wonkyu Lee & Dowon Pyun & Seok-Hyun Jeong & Kyunghwan Kim & Ji-Seong Hwang & Sujin Cho & Donghwan Kim & Yoonmook Kang & Hae-Seok Lee, 2023. "Perovskite Solar Cell on Stainless Steel Substrate over 10% Efficiency for Building-Integrated Photovoltaics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-10, December.

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