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Entangling single atoms over 33 km telecom fibre

Author

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  • Tim Leent

    (Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
    Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology)

  • Matthias Bock

    (Department of Physics, Saarland University
    Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck)

  • Florian Fertig

    (Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
    Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology)

  • Robert Garthoff

    (Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
    Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology)

  • Sebastian Eppelt

    (Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
    Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology)

  • Yiru Zhou

    (Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
    Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology)

  • Pooja Malik

    (Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
    Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology)

  • Matthias Seubert

    (Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
    Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology)

  • Tobias Bauer

    (Department of Physics, Saarland University)

  • Wenjamin Rosenfeld

    (Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
    Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology)

  • Wei Zhang

    (Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
    Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology
    School of Physics, Xi’An Jiao Tong University)

  • Christoph Becher

    (Department of Physics, Saarland University)

  • Harald Weinfurter

    (Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
    Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology
    Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics)

Abstract

Quantum networks promise to provide the infrastructure for many disruptive applications, such as efficient long-distance quantum communication and distributed quantum computing1,2. Central to these networks is the ability to distribute entanglement between distant nodes using photonic channels. Initially developed for quantum teleportation3,4 and loophole-free tests of Bell’s inequality5,6, recently, entanglement distribution has also been achieved over telecom fibres and analysed retrospectively7,8. Yet, to fully use entanglement over long-distance quantum network links it is mandatory to know it is available at the nodes before the entangled state decays. Here we demonstrate heralded entanglement between two independently trapped single rubidium atoms generated over fibre links with a length up to 33 km. For this, we generate atom–photon entanglement in two nodes located in buildings 400 m line-of-sight apart and to overcome high-attenuation losses in the fibres convert the photons to telecom wavelength using polarization-preserving quantum frequency conversion9. The long fibres guide the photons to a Bell-state measurement setup in which a successful photonic projection measurement heralds the entanglement of the atoms10. Our results show the feasibility of entanglement distribution over telecom fibre links useful, for example, for device-independent quantum key distribution11–13 and quantum repeater protocols. The presented work represents an important step towards the realization of large-scale quantum network links.

Suggested Citation

  • Tim Leent & Matthias Bock & Florian Fertig & Robert Garthoff & Sebastian Eppelt & Yiru Zhou & Pooja Malik & Matthias Seubert & Tobias Bauer & Wenjamin Rosenfeld & Wei Zhang & Christoph Becher & Harald, 2022. "Entangling single atoms over 33 km telecom fibre," Nature, Nature, vol. 607(7917), pages 69-73, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:607:y:2022:i:7917:d:10.1038_s41586-022-04764-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04764-4
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ming-Hao Jiang & Wenyi Xue & Qian He & Yu-Yang An & Xiaodong Zheng & Wen-Jie Xu & Yu-Bo Xie & Yanqing Lu & Shining Zhu & Xiao-Song Ma, 2023. "Quantum storage of entangled photons at telecom wavelengths in a crystal," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Dario Lago-Rivera & Jelena V. Rakonjac & Samuele Grandi & Hugues de Riedmatten, 2023. "Long distance multiplexed quantum teleportation from a telecom photon to a solid-state qubit," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-6, December.
    3. Hugo Molinares & Bing He & Vitalie Eremeev, 2023. "Transfer of Quantum States and Stationary Quantum Correlations in a Hybrid Optomechanical Network," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-18, June.
    4. Xiao Liu & Xiao-Min Hu & Tian-Xiang Zhu & Chao Zhang & Yi-Xin Xiao & Jia-Le Miao & Zhong-Wen Ou & Pei-Yun Li & Bi-Heng Liu & Zong-Quan Zhou & Chuan-Feng Li & Guang-Can Guo, 2024. "Nonlocal photonic quantum gates over 7.0 km," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.

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