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Control and readout of a superconducting qubit using a photonic link

Author

Listed:
  • F. Lecocq

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology
    University of Colorado)

  • F. Quinlan

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

  • K. Cicak

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

  • J. Aumentado

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

  • S. A. Diddams

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology
    University of Colorado)

  • J. D. Teufel

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

Abstract

Delivering on the revolutionary promise of a universal quantum computer will require processors with millions of quantum bits (qubits)1–3. In superconducting quantum processors4, each qubit is individually addressed with microwave signal lines that connect room-temperature electronics to the cryogenic environment of the quantum circuit. The complexity and heat load associated with the multiple coaxial lines per qubit limits the maximum possible size of a processor to a few thousand qubits5. Here we introduce a photonic link using an optical fibre to guide modulated laser light from room temperature to a cryogenic photodetector6, capable of delivering shot-noise-limited microwave signals directly at millikelvin temperatures. By demonstrating high-fidelity control and readout of a superconducting qubit, we show that this photonic link can meet the stringent requirements of superconducting quantum information processing7. Leveraging the low thermal conductivity and large intrinsic bandwidth of optical fibre enables the efficient and massively multiplexed delivery of coherent microwave control pulses, providing a path towards a million-qubit universal quantum computer.

Suggested Citation

  • F. Lecocq & F. Quinlan & K. Cicak & J. Aumentado & S. A. Diddams & J. D. Teufel, 2021. "Control and readout of a superconducting qubit using a photonic link," Nature, Nature, vol. 591(7851), pages 575-579, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:591:y:2021:i:7851:d:10.1038_s41586-021-03268-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03268-x
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    Cited by:

    1. Zenghui Bao & Yan Li & Zhiling Wang & Jiahui Wang & Jize Yang & Haonan Xiong & Yipu Song & Yukai Wu & Hongyi Zhang & Luming Duan, 2024. "A cryogenic on-chip microwave pulse generator for large-scale superconducting quantum computing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Liu Qiu & Rishabh Sahu & William Hease & Georg Arnold & Johannes M. Fink, 2023. "Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Terence Blésin & Wil Kao & Anat Siddharth & Rui N. Wang & Alaina Attanasio & Hao Tian & Sunil A. Bhave & Tobias J. Kippenberg, 2024. "Bidirectional microwave-optical transduction based on integration of high-overtone bulk acoustic resonators and photonic circuits," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Rishabh Sahu & William Hease & Alfredo Rueda & Georg Arnold & Liu Qiu & Johannes M. Fink, 2022. "Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    5. Ya. S. Greenberg & A. A. Shtygashev & A. G. Moiseev, 2023. "Time-dependent theory of single-photon scattering from a two-qubit system," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 96(12), pages 1-17, December.

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