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Visualizing electrostatic gating effects in two-dimensional heterostructures

Author

Listed:
  • Paul V. Nguyen

    (University of Washington)

  • Natalie C. Teutsch

    (University of Warwick)

  • Nathan P. Wilson

    (University of Washington)

  • Joshua Kahn

    (University of Washington)

  • Xue Xia

    (University of Warwick)

  • Abigail J. Graham

    (University of Warwick)

  • Viktor Kandyba

    (Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA)

  • Alessio Giampietri

    (Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA)

  • Alexei Barinov

    (Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA)

  • Gabriel C. Constantinescu

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Nelson Yeung

    (University of Warwick)

  • Nicholas D. M. Hine

    (University of Warwick)

  • Xiaodong Xu

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington)

  • David H. Cobden

    (University of Washington)

  • Neil R. Wilson

    (University of Warwick)

Abstract

The ability to directly monitor the states of electrons in modern field-effect devices—for example, imaging local changes in the electrical potential, Fermi level and band structure as a gate voltage is applied—could transform our understanding of the physics and function of a device. Here we show that micrometre-scale, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy1–3 (microARPES) applied to two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures4 affords this ability. In two-terminal graphene devices, we observe a shift of the Fermi level across the Dirac point, with no detectable change in the dispersion, as a gate voltage is applied. In two-dimensional semiconductor devices, we see the conduction-band edge appear as electrons accumulate, thereby firmly establishing the energy and momentum of the edge. In the case of monolayer tungsten diselenide, we observe that the bandgap is renormalized downwards by several hundreds of millielectronvolts—approaching the exciton energy—as the electrostatic doping increases. Both optical spectroscopy and microARPES can be carried out on a single device, allowing definitive studies of the relationship between gate-controlled electronic and optical properties. The technique provides a powerful way to study not only fundamental semiconductor physics, but also intriguing phenomena such as topological transitions5 and many-body spectral reconstructions under electrical control.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul V. Nguyen & Natalie C. Teutsch & Nathan P. Wilson & Joshua Kahn & Xue Xia & Abigail J. Graham & Viktor Kandyba & Alessio Giampietri & Alexei Barinov & Gabriel C. Constantinescu & Nelson Yeung & N, 2019. "Visualizing electrostatic gating effects in two-dimensional heterostructures," Nature, Nature, vol. 572(7768), pages 220-223, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:572:y:2019:i:7768:d:10.1038_s41586-019-1402-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1402-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Hongyun Zhang & Qian Li & Youngju Park & Yujin Jia & Wanying Chen & Jiaheng Li & Qinxin Liu & Changhua Bao & Nicolas Leconte & Shaohua Zhou & Yuan Wang & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Jose Avil, 2024. "Observation of dichotomic field-tunable electronic structure in twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    2. Søren Ulstrup & Yann in ’t Veld & Jill A. Miwa & Alfred J. H. Jones & Kathleen M. McCreary & Jeremy T. Robinson & Berend T. Jonker & Simranjeet Singh & Roland J. Koch & Eli Rotenberg & Aaron Bostwick , 2024. "Observation of interlayer plasmon polaron in graphene/WS2 heterostructures," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Zhenglong Fan & Fan Liao & Yujin Ji & Yang Liu & Hui Huang & Dan Wang & Kui Yin & Haiwei Yang & Mengjie Ma & Wenxiang Zhu & Meng Wang & Zhenhui Kang & Youyong Li & Mingwang Shao & Zhiwei Hu & Qi Shao, 2022. "Coupling of nanocrystal hexagonal array and two-dimensional metastable substrate boosts H2-production," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.

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