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The genome sequence of Atlantic cod reveals a unique immune system

Author

Listed:
  • Bastiaan Star

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern)

  • Alexander J. Nederbragt

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern)

  • Sissel Jentoft

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern)

  • Unni Grimholt

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern)

  • Martin Malmstrøm

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern)

  • Tone F. Gregers

    (Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Blindern)

  • Trine B. Rounge

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern)

  • Jonas Paulsen

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
    Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institute for Medical Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello)

  • Monica H. Solbakken

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern)

  • Animesh Sharma

    (University of Bergen)

  • Ola F. Wetten

    (Hedmark University College, P.O. Box 4010, Bedriftsenteret
    University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003)

  • Anders Lanzén

    (Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen
    Computational Biology Unit, Uni Computing, Uni Research AS)

  • Roger Winer

    (454 Life Sciences, 15 Commercial Street)

  • James Knight

    (454 Life Sciences, 15 Commercial Street)

  • Jan-Hinnerk Vogel

    (Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • Bronwen Aken

    (Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • Øivind Andersen

    (Nofima Marine, P.O. Box 5010)

  • Karin Lagesen

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern)

  • Ave Tooming-Klunderud

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern)

  • Rolf B. Edvardsen

    (Institute of Marine Research, P.O., Box 1870, Nordnes)

  • Kirubakaran G. Tina

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
    CIGENE, Centre for Integrative Genetics, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003)

  • Mari Espelund

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern)

  • Chirag Nepal

    (University of Bergen
    Computational Biology Unit, Uni Computing, Uni Research AS)

  • Christopher Previti

    (Computational Biology Unit, Uni Computing, Uni Research AS)

  • Bård Ove Karlsen

    (Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland)

  • Truls Moum

    (Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland)

  • Morten Skage

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern)

  • Paul R. Berg

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern)

  • Tor Gjøen

    (School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern)

  • Heiner Kuhl

    (Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73)

  • Jim Thorsen

    (Institute for Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Sciences)

  • Ketil Malde

    (Institute of Marine Research, P.O., Box 1870, Nordnes)

  • Richard Reinhardt

    (Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73)

  • Lei Du

    (454 Life Sciences, 15 Commercial Street)

  • Steinar D. Johansen

    (Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland
    Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø)

  • Steve Searle

    (Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • Sigbjørn Lien

    (CIGENE, Centre for Integrative Genetics, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003)

  • Frank Nilsen

    (PO Box 7803, University of Bergen)

  • Inge Jonassen

    (University of Bergen
    Computational Biology Unit, Uni Computing, Uni Research AS)

  • Stig W. Omholt

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern
    CIGENE, Centre for Integrative Genetics, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003)

  • Nils Chr. Stenseth

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern)

  • Kjetill S. Jakobsen

    (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern)

Abstract

Cod goes its own way on immunity The genome of the Atlantic cod has been sequenced, and genomic analysis reveals an immune system that differs significantly from that in other vertebrates. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II has been lost, as have some other genes that are essential for MHC II function. But there is an expansion in the number of MHC I genes and a unique composition for its toll-like receptor family. These compensatory changes in both adaptive and innate immunity mean that cod is no more susceptible to disease than most other vertebrates. These findings challenge current models of vertebrate immune evolution, and may facilitate the development of targeted vaccines for disease management in aquaculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Bastiaan Star & Alexander J. Nederbragt & Sissel Jentoft & Unni Grimholt & Martin Malmstrøm & Tone F. Gregers & Trine B. Rounge & Jonas Paulsen & Monica H. Solbakken & Animesh Sharma & Ola F. Wetten &, 2011. "The genome sequence of Atlantic cod reveals a unique immune system," Nature, Nature, vol. 477(7363), pages 207-210, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:477:y:2011:i:7363:d:10.1038_nature10342
    DOI: 10.1038/nature10342
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    Cited by:

    1. Hong-Yan Wang & Jian-Yang Chen & Yanan Li & Xianghui Zhang & Xiang Liu & Yifang Lu & Hang He & Yubang Li & Hongxi Chen & Qun Liu & Yingyi Huang & Zhao Jia & Shuo Li & Yangqing Zhang & Shenglei Han & S, 2024. "Single-cell RNA sequencing illuminates the ontogeny, conservation and diversification of cartilaginous and bony fish lymphocytes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Yali Liu & Meng Qu & Han Jiang & Ralf Schneider & Geng Qin & Wei Luo & Haiyan Yu & Bo Zhang & Xin Wang & Yanhong Zhang & Huixian Zhang & Zhixin Zhang & Yongli Wu & Yingyi Zhang & Jianping Yin & Si Zha, 2022. "Immunogenetic losses co-occurred with seahorse male pregnancy and mutation in tlx1 accompanied functional asplenia," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.

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