Author
Listed:
- L. Young
(Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA)
- E. P. Kanter
(Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA)
- B. Krässig
(Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA)
- Y. Li
(Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA)
- A. M. March
(Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA)
- S. T. Pratt
(Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA)
- R. Santra
(Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA)
- S. H. Southworth
(Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA)
- N. Rohringer
(Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA)
- L. F. DiMauro
(The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA)
- G. Doumy
(The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA)
- C. A. Roedig
(The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA)
- N. Berrah
(Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA)
- L. Fang
(Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA)
- M. Hoener
(Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA)
- P. H. Bucksbaum
(PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA)
- J. P. Cryan
(PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA)
- S. Ghimire
(PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA)
- J. M. Glownia
(PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA)
- D. A. Reis
(PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA)
- J. D. Bozek
(Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA)
- C. Bostedt
(Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA)
- M. Messerschmidt
(Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA)
Abstract
An era of exploring the interactions of high-intensity, hard X-rays with matter has begun with the start-up of a hard-X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Understanding how electrons in matter respond to ultra-intense X-ray radiation is essential for all applications. Here we reveal the nature of the electronic response in a free atom to unprecedented high-intensity, short-wavelength, high-fluence radiation (respectively 1018 W cm−2, 1.5–0.6 nm, ∼105 X-ray photons per Å2). At this fluence, the neon target inevitably changes during the course of a single femtosecond-duration X-ray pulse—by sequentially ejecting electrons—to produce fully-stripped neon through absorption of six photons. Rapid photoejection of inner-shell electrons produces ‘hollow’ atoms and an intensity-induced X-ray transparency. Such transparency, due to the presence of inner-shell vacancies, can be induced in all atomic, molecular and condensed matter systems at high intensity. Quantitative comparison with theory allows us to extract LCLS fluence and pulse duration. Our successful modelling of X-ray/atom interactions using a straightforward rate equation approach augurs favourably for extension to complex systems.
Suggested Citation
L. Young & E. P. Kanter & B. Krässig & Y. Li & A. M. March & S. T. Pratt & R. Santra & S. H. Southworth & N. Rohringer & L. F. DiMauro & G. Doumy & C. A. Roedig & N. Berrah & L. Fang & M. Hoener & P. , 2010.
"Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,"
Nature, Nature, vol. 466(7302), pages 56-61, July.
Handle:
RePEc:nat:nature:v:466:y:2010:i:7302:d:10.1038_nature09177
DOI: 10.1038/nature09177
Download full text from publisher
As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.
Corrections
All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:466:y:2010:i:7302:d:10.1038_nature09177. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.
We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .
If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .
Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through
the various RePEc services.