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The virophage as a unique parasite of the giant mimivirus

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  • Bernard La Scola

    (URMITE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR IRD 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France)

  • Christelle Desnues

    (URMITE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR IRD 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France)

  • Isabelle Pagnier

    (URMITE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR IRD 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France)

  • Catherine Robert

    (URMITE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR IRD 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France)

  • Lina Barrassi

    (URMITE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR IRD 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France)

  • Ghislain Fournous

    (URMITE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR IRD 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France)

  • Michèle Merchat

    (Climespace, 185 Rue de Bercy, 75012 Paris, France)

  • Marie Suzan-Monti

    (URMITE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR IRD 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France)

  • Patrick Forterre

    (Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Bâtiment 409, Université Paris Sud, Centre d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
    Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France)

  • Eugene Koonin

    (National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, Room 5N503, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA)

  • Didier Raoult

    (URMITE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR IRD 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France)

Abstract

The biter BIT: Viral infections for viruses The first 'giant virus' isolate came from a cooling tower in Bradford, UK. Initially mistaken for a bacterium because of its size — three times larger than that of the biggest known viruses and bigger than many bacteria — it was found in the protozoon Acanthamoeba polyphaga. It was termed a mimivirus (for mimicking microbe) and became known as APMV (Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus). Now an even larger APMV strain, a 'mamavirus', has been isolated from a water cooling tower in Paris. Remarkably it is not alone, but is itself parasitized by a 'satellite virus'. Called Sputnik, it replicates in the virus factory built in amoebae co-infected with APMV. By analogy with bacteriophage, Sputnik is seen as the first virophage to be discovered. It may be the tip of a virophage iceberg, since metagenomic studies of ocean waters reveal an abundance of genetic sequences closely related to giant viruses, leading to a suspicion that they are a common parasite of plankton.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard La Scola & Christelle Desnues & Isabelle Pagnier & Catherine Robert & Lina Barrassi & Ghislain Fournous & Michèle Merchat & Marie Suzan-Monti & Patrick Forterre & Eugene Koonin & Didier Raoult, 2008. "The virophage as a unique parasite of the giant mimivirus," Nature, Nature, vol. 455(7209), pages 100-104, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:455:y:2008:i:7209:d:10.1038_nature07218
    DOI: 10.1038/nature07218
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    Cited by:

    1. Mengzhi Ji & Jiayin Zhou & Yan Li & Kai Ma & Wen Song & Yueyue Li & Jizhong Zhou & Qichao Tu, 2024. "Biodiversity of mudflat intertidal viromes along the Chinese coasts," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Patrick Arthofer & Florian Panhölzl & Vincent Delafont & Alban Hay & Siegfried Reipert & Norbert Cyran & Stefanie Wienkoop & Anouk Willemsen & Ines Sifaoui & Iñigo Arberas-Jiménez & Frederik Schulz & , 2024. "A giant virus infecting the amoeboflagellate Naegleria," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Alexandra Bessenay & Hugo Bisio & Lucid Belmudes & Yohann Couté & Lionel Bertaux & Jean-Michel Claverie & Chantal Abergel & Sandra Jeudy & Matthieu Legendre, 2024. "Complex transcriptional regulations of a hyperparasitic quadripartite system in giant viruses infecting protists," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Asher Leeks & Stuart A. West & Melanie Ghoul, 2021. "The evolution of cheating in viruses," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, December.

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