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Single-shot read-out of an individual electron spin in a quantum dot

Author

Listed:
  • J. M. Elzerman

    (Delft University of Technology)

  • R. Hanson

    (Delft University of Technology)

  • L. H. Willems van Beveren

    (Delft University of Technology)

  • B. Witkamp

    (Delft University of Technology)

  • L. M. K. Vandersypen

    (Delft University of Technology)

  • L. P. Kouwenhoven

    (Delft University of Technology)

Abstract

Spin is a fundamental property of all elementary particles. Classically it can be viewed as a tiny magnetic moment, but a measurement of an electron spin along the direction of an external magnetic field can have only two outcomes1: parallel or anti-parallel to the field. This discreteness reflects the quantum mechanical nature of spin. Ensembles of many spins have found diverse applications ranging from magnetic resonance imaging2 to magneto-electronic devices3, while individual spins are considered as carriers for quantum information. Read-out of single spin states has been achieved using optical techniques4, and is within reach of magnetic resonance force microscopy5. However, electrical read-out of single spins6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 has so far remained elusive. Here we demonstrate electrical single-shot measurement of the state of an individual electron spin in a semiconductor quantum dot14. We use spin-to-charge conversion of a single electron confined in the dot, and detect the single-electron charge using a quantum point contact; the spin measurement visibility is ∼65%. Furthermore, we observe very long single-spin energy relaxation times (up to ∼0.85 ms at a magnetic field of 8 T), which are encouraging for the use of electron spins as carriers of quantum information.

Suggested Citation

  • J. M. Elzerman & R. Hanson & L. H. Willems van Beveren & B. Witkamp & L. M. K. Vandersypen & L. P. Kouwenhoven, 2004. "Single-shot read-out of an individual electron spin in a quantum dot," Nature, Nature, vol. 430(6998), pages 431-435, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:430:y:2004:i:6998:d:10.1038_nature02693
    DOI: 10.1038/nature02693
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    Cited by:

    1. Kosuke Noro & Yusuke Kozuka & Kazuma Matsumura & Takeshi Kumasaka & Yoshihiro Fujiwara & Atsushi Tsukazaki & Masashi Kawasaki & Tomohiro Otsuka, 2024. "Parity-independent Kondo effect of correlated electrons in electrostatically defined ZnO quantum dots," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Holly G. Stemp & Serwan Asaad & Mark R. van Blankenstein & Arjen Vaartjes & Mark A. I. Johnson & Mateusz T. Mądzik & Amber J. A. Heskes & Hannes R. Firgau & Rocky Y. Su & Chih Hwan Yang & Arne Laucht , 2024. "Tomography of entangling two-qubit logic operations in exchange-coupled donor electron spin qubits," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Hadrien Duprez & Solenn Cances & Andraz Omahen & Michele Masseroni & Max J. Ruckriegel & Christoph Adam & Chuyao Tong & Rebekka Garreis & Jonas D. Gerber & Wister Huang & Lisa Gächter & Kenji Watanabe, 2024. "Spin-valley locked excited states spectroscopy in a one-particle bilayer graphene quantum dot," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    4. George Gillard & Edmund Clarke & Evgeny A. Chekhovich, 2022. "Harnessing many-body spin environment for long coherence storage and high-fidelity single-shot qubit readout," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    5. da Cunha, C.R. & Aoki, N. & Ferry, D.K. & Velasquez, A. & Zhang, Y., 2023. "An investigation of the background potential in quantum constrictions using scanning gate microscopy and a swarming algorithm," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 614(C).
    6. Nadia O. Antoniadis & Mark R. Hogg & Willy F. Stehl & Alisa Javadi & Natasha Tomm & Rüdiger Schott & Sascha R. Valentin & Andreas D. Wieck & Arne Ludwig & Richard J. Warburton, 2023. "Cavity-enhanced single-shot readout of a quantum dot spin within 3 nanoseconds," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.

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