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Somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors in the agnathan sea lamprey

Author

Listed:
  • Zeev Pancer

    (University of Alabama at Birmingham
    University of Alabama at Birmingham)

  • Chris T. Amemiya

    (Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason)

  • Götz R. A. Ehrhardt

    (University of Alabama at Birmingham
    University of Alabama at Birmingham)

  • Jill Ceitlin

    (University of Michigan)

  • G. Larry Gartland

    (University of Alabama at Birmingham
    University of Alabama at Birmingham)

  • Max D. Cooper

    (University of Alabama at Birmingham
    University of Alabama at Birmingham
    University of Alabama at Birmingham
    University of Alabama at Birmingham)

Abstract

Although jawless vertebrates are apparently capable of adaptive immune responses, they have not been found to possess the recombinatorial antigen receptors shared by all jawed vertebrates. Our search for the phylogenetic roots of adaptive immunity in the lamprey has instead identified a new type of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) composed of highly diverse leucine-rich repeats (LRR) sandwiched between amino- and carboxy-terminal LRRs. An invariant stalk region tethers the VLRs to the cell surface by means of a glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol anchor. To generate rearranged VLR genes of the diversity necessary for an anticipatory immune system, the single lamprey VLR locus contains a large bank of diverse LRR cassettes, available for insertion into an incomplete germline VLR gene. Individual lymphocytes express a uniquely rearranged VLR gene in monoallelic fashion. Different evolutionary strategies were thus used to generate highly diverse lymphocyte receptors through rearrangement of LRR modules in agnathans (jawless fish) and of immunoglobulin gene segments in gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).

Suggested Citation

  • Zeev Pancer & Chris T. Amemiya & Götz R. A. Ehrhardt & Jill Ceitlin & G. Larry Gartland & Max D. Cooper, 2004. "Somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors in the agnathan sea lamprey," Nature, Nature, vol. 430(6996), pages 174-180, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:430:y:2004:i:6996:d:10.1038_nature02740
    DOI: 10.1038/nature02740
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    Cited by:

    1. Yingyi Huang & Xiang Liu & Shuo Li & Chen Li & Hong-Yan Wang & Qun Liu & Jian-Yang Chen & Yingying Zhang & Yanan Li & Xianghui Zhang & Qian Wang & Kaiqiang Liu & Yu-Yan Liu & Yue Pang & Shanshan Liu &, 2024. "Discovery of an unconventional lamprey lymphocyte lineage highlights divergent features in vertebrate adaptive immune system evolution," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.

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