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Emergence of a molecular Bose–Einstein condensate from a Fermi gas

Author

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  • Markus Greiner

    (University of Colorado)

  • Cindy A. Regal

    (University of Colorado)

  • Deborah S. Jin

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

Abstract

The realization of superfluidity in a dilute gas of fermionic atoms, analogous to superconductivity in metals, represents a long-standing goal of ultracold gas research. In such a fermionic superfluid, it should be possible to adjust the interaction strength and tune the system continuously between two limits: a Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS)-type superfluid (involving correlated atom pairs in momentum space) and a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), in which spatially local pairs of atoms are bound together. This crossover between BCS-type superfluidity and the BEC limit has long been of theoretical interest, motivated in part by the discovery of high-temperature superconductors1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. In atomic Fermi gas experiments superfluidity has not yet been demonstrated; however, long-lived molecules consisting of locally paired fermions have been reversibly created11,12,13,14,13. Here we report the direct observation of a molecular Bose–Einstein condensate created solely by adjusting the interaction strength in an ultracold Fermi gas of atoms. This state of matter represents one extreme of the predicted BCS–BEC continuum.

Suggested Citation

  • Markus Greiner & Cindy A. Regal & Deborah S. Jin, 2003. "Emergence of a molecular Bose–Einstein condensate from a Fermi gas," Nature, Nature, vol. 426(6966), pages 537-540, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:426:y:2003:i:6966:d:10.1038_nature02199
    DOI: 10.1038/nature02199
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    Cited by:

    1. Habitzreuter, Marco A. & Rizzatti, Eduardo O. & Barbosa, Marcia C., 2023. "Waterlike density anomaly in fermions," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 630(C).
    2. Yusuke Morita & Kosuke Yoshioka & Makoto Kuwata-Gonokami, 2022. "Observation of Bose-Einstein condensates of excitons in a bulk semiconductor," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.

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