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Re-emergence of HIV after stopping therapy

Author

Listed:
  • Tae-Wook Chun

    (Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

  • Richard T. Davey

    (Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

  • Delphine Engel

    (Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

  • H. Clifford Lane

    (Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

  • Anthony S. Fauci

    (Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

Abstract

A dormant reservoir of human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) is established early on during primary infection1 which consists of latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells carrying replication-competent HIV. This pool can persist even in individuals who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)2,3,4. Here we show that this pool rapidly re-emerges within weeks of discontinuing HAART in two patients, and that this re-emergence is associated with the appearance of HIV in the plasma (viraemia) of these patients. Both had been aviraemic while receiving HAART and intermittent treatment with interleukin-2 (ref. 5), and repeated attempts to isolate replication-competent HIV in this population of cells during therapy had been unsuccessful. This finding raises the possibility that there may be other tissue reservoirs of HIV that contribute to early plasma viral rebound following discontinuation of HAART in infected patients.

Suggested Citation

  • Tae-Wook Chun & Richard T. Davey & Delphine Engel & H. Clifford Lane & Anthony S. Fauci, 1999. "Re-emergence of HIV after stopping therapy," Nature, Nature, vol. 401(6756), pages 874-875, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:401:y:1999:i:6756:d:10.1038_44755
    DOI: 10.1038/44755
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    Cited by:

    1. Jocelyn T. Kim & Tian-Hao Zhang & Camille Carmona & Bryanna Lee & Christopher S. Seet & Matthew Kostelny & Nisarg Shah & Hongying Chen & Kylie Farrell & Mohamed S. A. Soliman & Melanie Dimapasoc & Mic, 2022. "Latency reversal plus natural killer cells diminish HIV reservoir in vivo," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Joana Dias & Giulia Fabozzi & Slim Fourati & Xuejun Chen & Cuiping Liu & David R. Ambrozak & Amy Ransier & Farida Laboune & Jianfei Hu & Wei Shi & Kylie March & Anna A. Maximova & Stephen D. Schmidt &, 2024. "Administration of anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies with increased affinity to Fcγ receptors during acute SHIVAD8-EO infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.

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