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Direct observation of a fractional charge

Author

Listed:
  • R. de-Picciotto

    (Braun Center for Submicron Research, Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • M. Reznikov

    (Braun Center for Submicron Research, Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • M. Heiblum

    (Braun Center for Submicron Research, Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • V. Umansky

    (Braun Center for Submicron Research, Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • G. Bunin

    (Braun Center for Submicron Research, Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • D. Mahalu

    (Braun Center for Submicron Research, Weizmann Institute of Science)

Abstract

Since Millikan's famous oil-drop experiments1, it has been well known that electrical charge is quantized in units of the charge of an electron, e. For this reason, the theoretical prediction2,3 by Laughlin of the existence of fractionally charged ‘quasiparticles’—proposed as an explanation for the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) effect—is very counterintuitive. The FQH effect is a phenomenon observed in the conduction properties of a two-dimensional electron gas subjected to a strong perpendicular magnetic field. This effect results from the strong interaction between electrons, brought about by the magnetic field, giving rise to the aforementioned fractionally charged quasiparticles which carry the current. Here we report the direct observation of these counterintuitive entities by using measurements of quantum shot noise. Quantum shot noise results from the discreteness of the current-carrying charges and so is proportional to both the charge of the quasiparticles and the average current. Our measurements of quantum shot noise show unambiguously that current in a two-dimensional electron gas in the FQH regime is carried by fractional charges—e/3 in the present case—in agreement with Laughlin's prediction.

Suggested Citation

  • R. de-Picciotto & M. Reznikov & M. Heiblum & V. Umansky & G. Bunin & D. Mahalu, 1997. "Direct observation of a fractional charge," Nature, Nature, vol. 389(6647), pages 162-164, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:389:y:1997:i:6647:d:10.1038_38241
    DOI: 10.1038/38241
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    Cited by:

    1. J. Nakamura & S. Liang & G. C. Gardner & M. J. Manfra, 2022. "Impact of bulk-edge coupling on observation of anyonic braiding statistics in quantum Hall interferometers," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Haoyun Huang & Waseem Hussain & S. A. Myers & L. N. Pfeiffer & K. W. West & K. W. Baldwin & G. A. Csáthy, 2024. "Evidence for Topological Protection Derived from Six-Flux Composite Fermions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-6, December.
    3. June-Young M. Lee & H.-S. Sim, 2022. "Non-Abelian anyon collider," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-6, December.
    4. Rustem Khasanov & Bin-Bin Ruan & Yun-Qing Shi & Gen-Fu Chen & Hubertus Luetkens & Zhi-An Ren & Zurab Guguchia, 2024. "Tuning of the flat band and its impact on superconductivity in Mo5Si3−xPx," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-6, December.
    5. Jian-Feng Ge & Koen M. Bastiaans & Damianos Chatzopoulos & Doohee Cho & Willem O. Tromp & Tjerk Benschop & Jiasen Niu & Genda Gu & Milan P. Allan, 2023. "Single-electron charge transfer into putative Majorana and trivial modes in individual vortices," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    6. Jiaojie Yan & Yijia Wu & Shuai Yuan & Xiao Liu & L. N. Pfeiffer & K. W. West & Yang Liu & Hailong Fu & X. C. Xie & Xi Lin, 2023. "Anomalous quantized plateaus in two-dimensional electron gas with gate confinement," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-6, December.
    7. Yungi Jeong & Hangyeol Park & Taeho Kim & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Jeil Jung & Joonho Jang, 2024. "Interplay of valley, layer and band topology towards interacting quantum phases in moiré bilayer graphene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.

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