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Impact of siting ordinances on land availability for wind and solar development

Author

Listed:
  • Anthony Lopez

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

  • Wesley Cole

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

  • Brian Sergi

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

  • Aaron Levine

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

  • Jesse Carey

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

  • Cailee Mangan

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

  • Trieu Mai

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

  • Travis Williams

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

  • Pavlo Pinchuk

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

  • Jianyu Gu

    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

Abstract

In the United States, many siting regulations for wind and solar developments are created at the county or township level. Here we survey local zoning ordinances across the contiguous United States to understand the types and frequency of ordinances that might impact wind and solar development. We identify over 1,800 ordinances for wind and more than 800 ordinances for solar in 2022. To understand the impact of ordinances on anticipated land availability, we use spatial modelling on the setbacks specified in the ordinances. Extrapolating the setbacks throughout the country can reduce wind and solar resources by up to 87% and 38%, respectively, depending on the size of the setbacks applied. These results indicate the importance of capturing setback ordinances in resources assessments so as to not overstate resource potential, especially when considering highly decarbonized futures.

Suggested Citation

  • Anthony Lopez & Wesley Cole & Brian Sergi & Aaron Levine & Jesse Carey & Cailee Mangan & Trieu Mai & Travis Williams & Pavlo Pinchuk & Jianyu Gu, 2023. "Impact of siting ordinances on land availability for wind and solar development," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 8(9), pages 1034-1043, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:8:y:2023:i:9:d:10.1038_s41560-023-01319-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-023-01319-3
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    Cited by:

    1. Hanna Breunig & Fabian Rosner & Syed Saqline & Dionissios Papadias & Elenya Grant & Kriston Brooks & Thomas Autrey & Rajesh Ahluwalia & Jennifer King & Steve Hammond, 2024. "Achieving gigawatt-scale green hydrogen production and seasonal storage at industrial locations across the U.S," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Pryor, Sara C. & Barthelmie, Rebecca J., 2024. "Wind shadows impact planning of large offshore wind farms," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
    3. Majeed, Fahd & Khanna, Madhu & Mwebaze, Paul & McCall, James & Waechter, Katy & Jia, Mengqi & Peng, Bin & Miao, Ruiqing & Kaiyu, Guan & Macknick, Jordan, 2024. "Alternatives to Utility-Scale Solar on agricultural lands: Adoption potential and impacts of utility-scale and agrivoltaic solar on permanent and marginal cropland," 2024 Annual Meeting, July 28-30, New Orleans, LA 343890, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.

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