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Assessment methods and performance metrics for redox flow batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Yanxin Yao

    (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

  • Jiafeng Lei

    (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

  • Yang Shi

    (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

  • Fei Ai

    (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

  • Yi-Chun Lu

    (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

Abstract

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a promising technology for large-scale energy storage. Rapid research developments in RFB chemistries, materials and devices have laid critical foundations for cost-effective and long-lasting RFB systems. However, the lack of consistency in testing methods and assessment metrics makes it challenging to compare reported RFBs and evaluate their potential for practical applications. Here we discuss RFB assessment methods and performance metrics in direct relation to their working principles and degradation mechanisms. We first introduce basic cell attributes and performance metrics and describe common misconceptions in testing and performance comparison. We discuss major RFB decay mechanisms and highlight bottlenecks in organic, inorganic and solid-hybrid RFBs. Testing protocols, reporting practices and comparison criteria are proposed under a general framework of symmetric and asymmetric full RFBs. These recommendations can be broadly applied to a wide range of flow battery chemistries to facilitate future benchmarking and RFB development.

Suggested Citation

  • Yanxin Yao & Jiafeng Lei & Yang Shi & Fei Ai & Yi-Chun Lu, 2021. "Assessment methods and performance metrics for redox flow batteries," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 6(6), pages 582-588, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:6:y:2021:i:6:d:10.1038_s41560-020-00772-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-020-00772-8
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Dominik Emmel & Simon Kunz & Nick Blume & Yongchai Kwon & Thomas Turek & Christine Minke & Daniel Schröder, 2023. "Benchmarking organic active materials for aqueous redox flow batteries in terms of lifetime and cost," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Zou, Wen-Jiang & Kim, Young-Bae & Jung, Seunghun, 2024. "Capacity fade prediction for vanadium redox flow batteries during long-term operations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    3. Zhiquan Wei & Zhaodong Huang & Guojin Liang & Yiqiao Wang & Shixun Wang & Yihan Yang & Tao Hu & Chunyi Zhi, 2024. "Starch-mediated colloidal chemistry for highly reversible zinc-based polyiodide redox flow batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    4. Rémy Richard Jacquemond & Maxime van der Heijden & Emre Burak Boz & Eric Ricardo Carreón Ruiz & Katharine Virginia Greco & Jeffrey Adam Kowalski & Vanesa Muñoz Perales & Fikile Richard Brushett & Kitt, 2024. "Quantifying concentration distributions in redox flow batteries with neutron radiography," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.
    5. Jiashen Meng & Xuhui Yao & Xufeng Hong & Lujun Zhu & Zhitong Xiao & Yongfeng Jia & Fang Liu & Huimin Song & Yunlong Zhao & Quanquan Pang, 2023. "A solution-to-solid conversion chemistry enables ultrafast-charging and long-lived molten salt aluminium batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    6. Chunchun Ye & Anqi Wang & Charlotte Breakwell & Rui Tan & C. Grazia Bezzu & Elwin Hunter-Sellars & Daryl R. Williams & Nigel P. Brandon & Peter A. A. Klusener & Anthony R. Kucernak & Kim E. Jelfs & Ne, 2022. "Development of efficient aqueous organic redox flow batteries using ion-sieving sulfonated polymer membranes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.

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