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Corrosion of lithium metal anodes during calendar ageing and its microscopic origins

Author

Listed:
  • David T. Boyle

    (Stanford University)

  • William Huang

    (Stanford University)

  • Hansen Wang

    (Stanford University)

  • Yuzhang Li

    (Stanford University)

  • Hao Chen

    (Stanford University)

  • Zhiao Yu

    (Stanford University
    Stanford University)

  • Wenbo Zhang

    (Stanford University)

  • Zhenan Bao

    (Stanford University)

  • Yi Cui

    (Stanford University
    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)

Abstract

Rechargeable lithium (Li) metal batteries must have long cycle life and calendar life (retention of capacity during storage at open circuit). Particular emphasis has been placed on prolonging the cycle life of Li metal anodes, but calendar ageing is less understood. Here, we show that Li metal loses at least 2–3% of its capacity after only 24 hours of ageing, regardless of the electrolyte chemistry. These losses of capacity during calendar ageing also shorten the cycle life of Li metal batteries. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy shows that chemical corrosion of Li and the continuous growth of the solid electrolyte interphase—a passivation film on Li—cause the loss of capacity. Electrolytes with long cycle life do not necessarily form a solid electrolyte interphase with more resistance to chemical corrosion, so functional electrolytes must simultaneously minimize the rate of solid electrolyte interphase growth and the surface area of electrodeposited Li metal.

Suggested Citation

  • David T. Boyle & William Huang & Hansen Wang & Yuzhang Li & Hao Chen & Zhiao Yu & Wenbo Zhang & Zhenan Bao & Yi Cui, 2021. "Corrosion of lithium metal anodes during calendar ageing and its microscopic origins," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 6(5), pages 487-494, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:6:y:2021:i:5:d:10.1038_s41560-021-00787-9
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-021-00787-9
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    Cited by:

    1. Capkova, Dominika & Knap, Vaclav & Fedorkova, Andrea Strakova & Stroe, Daniel-Ioan, 2023. "Investigation of the temperature and DOD effect on the performance-degradation behavior of lithium–sulfur pouch cells during calendar aging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    2. Yuqiang Zeng & Fengyu Shen & Buyi Zhang & Jaeheon Lee & Divya Chalise & Qiye Zheng & Yanbao Fu & Sumanjeet Kaur & Sean D. Lubner & Vincent S. Battaglia & Bryan D. McCloskey & Michael C. Tucker & Ravi , 2023. "Nonintrusive thermal-wave sensor for operando quantification of degradation in commercial batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Chengbin Jin & Yiyu Huang & Lanhang Li & Guoying Wei & Hongyan Li & Qiyao Shang & Zhijin Ju & Gongxun Lu & Jiale Zheng & Ouwei Sheng & Xinyong Tao, 2023. "A corrosion inhibiting layer to tackle the irreversible lithium loss in lithium metal batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Qing Zhao & Yue Deng & Nyalaliska W. Utomo & Jingxu Zheng & Prayag Biswal & Jiefu Yin & Lynden A. Archer, 2021. "On the crystallography and reversibility of lithium electrodeposits at ultrahigh capacity," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    5. Hyeokjin Kwon & Hongsin Kim & Jaemin Hwang & Wonsik Oh & Youngil Roh & Dongseok Shin & Hee-Tak Kim, 2024. "Borate–pyran lean electrolyte-based Li-metal batteries with minimal Li corrosion," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 57-69, January.

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