IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v9y2018i1d10.1038_s41467-018-06802-0.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Space-time-coding digital metasurfaces

Author

Listed:
  • Lei Zhang

    (Southeast University
    Southeast University)

  • Xiao Qing Chen

    (Southeast University
    Southeast University)

  • Shuo Liu

    (Southeast University
    Southeast University)

  • Qian Zhang

    (Southeast University
    Southeast University)

  • Jie Zhao

    (Southeast University
    Southeast University)

  • Jun Yan Dai

    (Southeast University
    Southeast University)

  • Guo Dong Bai

    (Southeast University
    Southeast University)

  • Xiang Wan

    (Southeast University
    Southeast University)

  • Qiang Cheng

    (Southeast University
    Southeast University)

  • Giuseppe Castaldi

    (University of Sannio)

  • Vincenzo Galdi

    (University of Sannio)

  • Tie Jun Cui

    (Southeast University
    Southeast University)

Abstract

The recently proposed digital coding metasurfaces make it possible to control electromagnetic (EM) waves in real time, and allow the implementation of many different functionalities in a programmable way. However, current configurations are only space-encoded, and do not exploit the temporal dimension. Here, we propose a general theory of space-time modulated digital coding metasurfaces to obtain simultaneous manipulations of EM waves in both space and frequency domains, i.e., to control the propagation direction and harmonic power distribution simultaneously. As proof-of-principle application examples, we consider harmonic beam steering, beam shaping, and scattering-signature control. For validation, we realize a prototype controlled by a field-programmable gate array, which implements the harmonic beam steering via an optimized space-time coding sequence. Numerical and experimental results, in good agreement, demonstrate good performance of the proposed approach, with potential applications to diverse fields such as wireless communications, cognitive radars, adaptive beamforming, holographic imaging.

Suggested Citation

  • Lei Zhang & Xiao Qing Chen & Shuo Liu & Qian Zhang & Jie Zhao & Jun Yan Dai & Guo Dong Bai & Xiang Wan & Qiang Cheng & Giuseppe Castaldi & Vincenzo Galdi & Tie Jun Cui, 2018. "Space-time-coding digital metasurfaces," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-11, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:9:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-018-06802-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06802-0
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06802-0
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-018-06802-0?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jérôme Sol & David R. Smith & Philipp Hougne, 2022. "Meta-programmable analog differentiator," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Jing Cheng Liang & Lei Zhang & Zhangjie Luo & Rui Zhe Jiang & Zhang Wen Cheng & Si Ran Wang & Meng Ke Sun & Shi Jin & Qiang Cheng & Tie Jun Cui, 2024. "A filtering reconfigurable intelligent surface for interference-free wireless communications," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Emanuele Galiffi & Paloma A. Huidobro & J. B. Pendry, 2022. "An Archimedes' screw for light," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Geng-Bo Wu & Jun Yan Dai & Kam Man Shum & Ka Fai Chan & Qiang Cheng & Tie Jun Cui & Chi Hou Chan, 2023. "A universal metasurface antenna to manipulate all fundamental characteristics of electromagnetic waves," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Hiroki Takeshita & Ashif Aminulloh Fathnan & Daisuke Nita & Atsuko Nagata & Shinya Sugiura & Hiroki Wakatsuchi, 2024. "Frequency-hopping wave engineering with metasurfaces," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    6. Si Ran Wang & Jun Yan Dai & Qun Yan Zhou & Jun Chen Ke & Qiang Cheng & Tie Jun Cui, 2023. "Manipulations of multi-frequency waves and signals via multi-partition asynchronous space-time-coding digital metasurface," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Geng-Bo Wu & Jun Yan Dai & Kam Man Shum & Ka Fai Chan & Qiang Cheng & Tie Jun Cui & Chi Hou Chan, 2024. "A synthetic moving-envelope metasurface antenna for independent control of arbitrary harmonic orders," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    8. Xin Wang & Jia Qi Han & Guan Xuan Li & De Xiao Xia & Ming Yang Chang & Xiang Jin Ma & Hao Xue & Peng Xu & Rui Jie Li & Kun Yi Zhang & Hai Xia Liu & Long Li & Tie Jun Cui, 2023. "High-performance cost efficient simultaneous wireless information and power transfers deploying jointly modulated amplifying programmable metasurface," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    9. Siyu Duan & Xin Su & Hongsong Qiu & Yushun Jiang & Jingbo Wu & Kebin Fan & Caihong Zhang & Xiaoqing Jia & Guanghao Zhu & Lin Kang & Xinglong Wu & Huabing Wang & Keyu Xia & Biaobing Jin & Jian Chen & P, 2024. "Linear and phase controllable terahertz frequency conversion via ultrafast breaking the bond of a meta-molecule," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    10. Teena Sharma & Abdellah Chehri & Paul Fortier, 2021. "Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 5G and beyond Wireless Communications: A Comprehensive Survey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-28, December.
    11. Wenzhi Li & Qiyue Yu & Jing Hui Qiu & Jiaran Qi, 2024. "Intelligent wireless power transfer via a 2-bit compact reconfigurable transmissive-metasurface-based router," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:9:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-018-06802-0. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.